英语左偏置构式：功能视角

论文摘要

本文探讨左偏置结构作为一种构式使用时的语用功能问题。构式指的是一个言语序列区别于另一言语序列的句法概念。尽管这是一个抽象的概念,但由于其间的关系和差异亦属符号性质,故亦可象其它言语符号一样加以研究。符号的研究是一个形式与功能的关系问题,实践中我们既可以从形式的差异来揭示某一符号的功能/意义,也可以从其功能/意义来研究该符号的形式差异。本文采用的是第一种方式。作为构式,LD结构首先是一种形式,正是由于它独特的形式特征,才决定了它使用中的特殊功能。本文同时采用了Verschueren的语用综观思想对这种构式的功能进行了语用透析,认为LD构式的形成是言语使用者按照某种语用原则就篇章语境与受众协商、顺应的结果。本文的写作,涉及了符号学、普通语言学、生成语言学、功能语言学、语用学和认知语言学等知识,其中有对历史文献的批判分析,也有定量和定性的分析。本文的理论构架以符号学及Croft和Cruse的构式理论为基础,主要从聚/组合关系两个方面研究了左偏置构式的功能意义。聚合方面,我们将LD与其他构式就句法、语音、语义、话题和信息等方面加以对比;组合方面探讨了LD构式与其前后的篇章衔接关系。籍此了解这种构式的区别意义及其蛰伏在其表面功能背后的独特的形式特征。此外还考察了言语使用者在其中所起的语用层面的作用。第一章乃引论。本章首先说明了形式与功能的关系,就象符号与意义的关系一样,符号的意义来自于关系和差异,即是组合关系与聚合关系相互作用的结果。形式与功能的关系亦然,既要研究某形式与它形式之间的差异(聚合关系),同时要了解它的句法或篇章特征与上下文的联系(组合关系)。理论上讲,形式和功能是相互对应的,即某一特定形式与其他形式对比的结果使其具有一种特殊的功能潜势,其他的语篇功能则是借助这种潜势的形式意义所衍生的结果。引论中的第二部分主要是对历史文献的回顾。首先介绍了左偏置结构的基本形式,然后从三个方面对其进行了回顾。生成主义将其视作和话题化相似的结构,认为它也是生成的结果。该流派的弱点在于它既混淆了LD与TOP不同构式之间的关系,同时也不能解释LD独特的句法结构(如句外NP)和特殊的LD构成形

论文目录

Acknowledgement

Abstract （English Version）

Abstract （Chinese Version）

Abbreviations

List of Tables

List of Figures

Chapter One Introduction

1.1 The meaning of the form

1.1.1 Form and function

1.1.2 The study of the construction

1.1.3 Summary

1.2 Literature review

1.2.1 What is left dislocation?

1.2.2 Generative approach

1.2.3 Pragmatic approach

1.2.4 Functional approach

1.2.5 A brief summary

Chapter Two Theoretical Foundations

2.1 Information structure and noncanonical syntax

2.1.1 Introduction

2.1.2 Old and new information

2.2 Topic and focus

2.2.1 Topic

2.2.2 Focus

2.2.3 F-structure

2.3 Canonical and noncanonical constructions

2.4 Verschueren: language resource and language use

2.5 Theoretical structure of the dissertation

2.6 Methodology and objectives of the paper

2.7 Organization of the dissertation

Chapter Three The Formal Properties of the LD Construction

3.1 Possible types of the LD construction

3.2 A working definition

3.3 Prosodic features of the LD construction

3.3.1 Pauses or turns

3.3.2 Prosodic boundaries

3.3.3 Intonational features

3.3.4 Summary

3.4 Semantic features of the LD construction

3.4.1 Coreferentiality

3.4.2 Anaphora

3.4.3 Semantic progression within the construction

3.4.3.1 Pronominal anaphora

3.4.3.2 Nominal anaphora

3.4.3.3 Strained anaphora

3.4.3.4 Anaphora of co-occurrence

3.5 The syntactic properties

3.5.1 The LD construction and canonical clauses

3.5.1.1 The LD construction and the basic sentence types

3.5.1.2 The LD construction and sentence variation

3.5.2 The LD construction and noncanonical clauses

3.5.3 The discourse properties of the LD construction

3.5.3.1 Counterexamples to the generative approach

3.5.3.1.1 Complex noun phrase constraint

3.5.3.1.2 A over A principle

3.5.3.1.3 Tensed S condition

3.5.3.1.4 Specified subject condition

3.5.3.2 Some puzzling cases

3.5.3.3 Other empirical evidences

3.5.3.4 The discourse features of the LD cases

3.5.4 Summary

Chapter Four The Topic of the LD Construction

4.1 Levels of topic

4.1.1 Features of the topic

4.1.2 Development of discourse topics

4.2 LD REFs as discourse topics

4.3 Distribution of LD topics

4.3.1 Topical anaphoricity

4.3.2 Topicality within the LD construction

4.3.2.1 Direct topicality in the spoken genre

4.3.2.2 Indirect topicality in the spoken genre

4.3.2.3 Summary of the LD topicality

4.3.3 Topicality after LD constructions

4.4 A brief revisit to LD and TOP

Chapter Five Information structuring of LD

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Information structure of the ordinary sentences

5.2.1 Canonical sentences

5.2.2 Noncanonical sentences

5.2.2.1 Preposing

5.2.2.2 Postposing

5.2.2.3 Argument reversal

5.2.2.4 Other variants

5.3 The information distribution of LD construction

5.3.1 New information

5.3.2 Inferables

5.3.3 Evoked information

5.3.4 Features of the LD-REF information

5.4 Information structuring of the LD construction

5.5 Constraints on LD REFs

Chapter Six Discourse Functions of the LD Construction

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Discourse functions of LD

6.2.1 LD construction as a separate discourse unit

6.2.2 Topic introducing

6.2.3 Topic-reintroducing

6.2.4 Inserting

6.2.5 Process simplifying

6.2.6 Contrasting

6.3 Conclusion

Chapter Seven Pragmatic Motivation of the LD Construction

7.1 Markedness and the LD-topic

7.2 The pragmatic principles of economy and LD

7.3 LD construction and negotiability

Chapter Eight Conclusion

8.1 Preamble

8.2 Formal properties of the LD construction

8.3 Topicality and information structure of the LD construction

8.4 Pragmatic functions of the LD construction

8.5 Limitations of the work

Bibliography

英语左偏置构式：功能视角

论文摘要

论文目录

相关论文文献

猜你喜欢