语用推理之逻辑整合模式化探讨

论文摘要

语用推理是语用学领域研究的焦点之一。Grice在其名篇Logic & Conversation中对语用推理的论述奠定了推理语用学的基础。Sperber & Wilson提出的关联理论,从认知科学的视角来审视语用推理,确立了认知与语用研究相结合的基石。但从关联理论的本质属性出发,对语用推理的认知机制进行形式刻画却鲜有尝试。本文以关联理论语用推理的溯因属性为出发点,理清皮尔士(Peirce)早晚期溯因逻辑的区别与联系,将早期溯因逻辑整合为后期溯因逻辑的一种特殊形式,并尝试性地构建溯因推理的认知机制;同时,在皮尔士后期逻辑框架下对归纳做出新的阐释,以便统一皮尔士后期科学发现模式中溯因、演绎、归纳三种逻辑手段在语用推理认知机制中的应用。交际者将这一逻辑整合模型运用于语用推理之中,如果听者听到言者所说出乎意料,便用溯因推理构建假说,即找出言者为什么会做出非常规非直接回答的原因;以此溯因推理结论为前提,联合明示话语演绎出预测结果,最后由归纳检验预测的结果是否与事实一致;如果与事实相悖,重新溯因,直至找到满意解释为止。本项研究运用我们重新解释后的皮尔士逻辑整合论尝试性地仿真语用推理的认知机制,目的在于探究交际中交际者的思维方式;论述中发现在自然语言研究中非形式逻辑在某些时候较有利于形式逻辑,但对这一开放性问题的论证值得进一步拓展。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Preliminaries
• 1.2 Theoretical Background
• 1.2.1 Competence vs. Performance
• 1.2.2 Micropragmatics vs. Macropragmatics
• 1.2.3 Formalism vs. Formalization
• 1.2.4 Inference vs. Reasoning
• 1.2.5 What Is Said vs. What Is Implicated
• 1.3 Organization of Present Study
• Chapter 2 Literature Review of Previous Researches
• 2.1 Classic Gricean Pragmatic Inference Proposals
• 2.1.1 Cooperative Principle and Maxims of Conversation
• 2.2 Neo-Gricean Pragmatic Inference Proposals
• 2.2.1 Horn’s Two Principles
• 2.2.2 Levinson’s Three Principles
• 2.2.3 Relevance Theory
• 2.3 Generalization
• Chapter 3 Reinterpretation of Peirce’s Abduction
• 3.1 Abduction in Two Different Periods
• 3.1.1 Early Syllogistic Theory
• 3.1.2 Later Peirce’s Inferential Theory
• 3.2 Relation between Peirce’s Theory and Modern Philosophy of Science
• 3.3 Feasibility of the Reinterpretation of Abduction in Linguistics
• 3.3.1 Reformulation of the Concept of Abduction
• 3.3.2 The Adjusted Abduction and Induction in Three-stage Model
• 3.4 Summary
• Chapter 4 Integration of Abduction, Deduction and Induction in Pragmatic Reasoning
• 4.1 Adopting and Altering Logic Concepts of Abduction and Induction
• 4.1.1 Starting from Philosophical and Logical Views
• 4.1.2 Reinterpretation of Abduction and Induction in AI
• 4.2 Demonstration of the Relation between Abduction, Induction and Deduction
• Chapter 5 Tentative Mechanism for Pragmatic Reasoning
• 5.1 Properties of Pragmatic Reasoning
• 5.2 Functions of Context and tentative Mechanism
• Conclusion
• References
• AppendixA 详细中文摘要
• Acknowledgements