典籍的多元阐释与跨文化建构 ——以《论语》文化成分的翻译为例

论文摘要

《论语》是孔子及其弟子思想言行的记录,是中国文化传世经典。该书内容博大精深,涉及道德、政治、哲学、教育等诸多方面,对中国文化产生了深刻影响。一直以来,国内外众多学者对其阐释和翻译,然而结果各异。本文以哲学阐释学为理论依据,研究《论语》的多元阐释与跨文化建构,以探讨典籍翻译的本质和意义。阐释学作为一门对意义理解与解释的理论与哲学,与翻译有着密切的联系。哲学阐释学对于翻译研究的关照主要表现在:理解是历史的,对文本的理解应当从历史性出发;文本意义具有开放性,允许多元阐释的存在,因此文学作品的重译具有必要性;理解者和文本都具有各自的视阈,理解应将两种视阈交融在一起,达到“视阈融合”;译者应努力接近原文本的初始视阈,从而领悟作者本意。阐释学视角下的翻译过程就是阐释的循环过程,它始终受到翻译主体的前理解和历史性的影响。从另一方面看,不同译者的不同阐释使得原作保持生机。这对中国典籍翻译研究有着重大意义。基于此理念,作者选取了《论语》不同时期四个优秀英译本(理雅各,辜鸿铭,安乐哲和丘氏兄弟译本)为研究对象,通过对不同译者在其文化成分的不同理解的对比研究,分析文化成分在译语中的多元阐释与意义建构,旨在为典籍翻译研究提供多维视角。具体来讲,本文对《论语》文化词语分类整理,尤其是对三个相互关联的儒家核心概念“仁”,“礼”,“天”进行梳理,并对这些词汇相应的不同英译文做比较研究。首先从训诂学角度观察文化核心词在汉语中的历史轨迹,把握这些概念在中国文化语境中的涵义,然后研究语际翻译。通过比较四个译者的不同理解和翻译,从词源、文化以及哲学角度考察相应译文在目的语中的意义重构和价值疏离,从而解析导致译文多样化之原因。接下来,作者从宏观视角考量翻译活动中的视阈要素,说明翻译过程始终受到翻译主客体视阈以及历史性的影响,相应翻译目的、翻译策略和目标视阈也随之变化。总之,翻译是文本、译者和读者视阈融合的结果。最后,作者在四个译本基础上总结出典籍文化翻译的五种方法,同时简要论述了译本意义和影响。典籍英译多样化有利于从不同角度挖掘和传播中华文化精髓,使译语读者充分了解中国传统文化的魅力与价值,使处于相对弱势地位的中国文化与西方强势文化平等对话。总之,本文将哲学阐释学引入典籍翻译研究,分析跨文化多元阐释现象并找到了合理的解释和原因,这将有助于拓宽学科研究领域,获得跨学科的交互视野,促成学科整合融通。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Theoretical Background
• 1.1.1 A Brief Introduction to Hermeneutics
• 1.1.2 Hermeneutic Translation Theory
• 1.2 Objectives and Methodology of the Study
• 1.3 Organization of the Thesis
• 1.4 Cases in the Study
• 1.4.1 A Brief Introduction to Lun Yu
• 1.4.2 Major Translations of Lun Yu
• 2 Multiple Translations of Cultural Elements in Lun Yu
• 2.1 Culture and Translation
• 2.1.1 Definition of Cultural Elements
• 2.1.2 Significance of Cultural Elements to Translation
• 2.2 Features of Cultural Elements in Lun Yu
• 2.2.1 Natural and Colloquial Style
• 2.2.2 Concise but Profound Lexicons
• 2.2.3 Exquisite Aphorisms/Idioms
• 2.3 Translation of Cultural Elements in Lun Yu
• 2.3.1 Terms/Phrases Relating to Morality
• 2.3.2 Terms/Phrases Relating to Society
• 2.3.3 Terms/Phrases Relating to Philosophy
• 2.4 General Differences in Four Versions
• 3 Diverse Interpretations of Key Terms in Lun Yu
• 3.1 Diverse Translations of Ren（仁）
• 3.1.1 Interpretation of Ren in Chinese Culture
• 3.1.1.1 Exegetic Examination of Ren
• 3.1.1.2 Cultural Interpretation of Ren in Lun Yu
• 3.1.2 Translation of Ren
• 3.1.2.1 Classification of Ren in Translation
• 3.1.2.2 Different Comprehensions in Four Versions
• 3.1.2.3 A Contrastive Study of Ren and its Renditions
• 3.1.2.4 Translation of Ren:Fusion of Translator and Text
• 3.2 Diverse Translations of Li（礼）
• 3.2.1 Interpretations of Li in Chinese Culture
• 3.2.1.1 Exegetic Examination of Li
• 3.2.1.2 Cultural Interpretation of Li in Lun Yu
• 3.2.2 Translation of Li
• 3.2.2.1 Classification of Li in Translation
• 3.2.2.2 Different Comprehensions in Four Versions
• 3.2.2.3 A Contrastive Study of Li and its Renditions
• 3.2.2.4 Translation of Li:Meditation between Past and Present
• 3.3 Diverse Translations of Tian（天）
• 3.3.1 Interpretations of Tian in Chinese Culture
• 3.3.1.1 Exegetic Examination of Tian
• 3.3.1.2 Cultural Interpretation of Tian
• 3.3.2 Translation of Tian
• 3.3.2.1 Classification of Tian in Translation
• 3.3.2.2 Different Comprehensions in Four Versions
• 3.3.2.3 A Contrastive Study of Tian and its Renditions
• 3.3.2.4 Translation of Tian:Impact of Translator's Cultural Orientation
• 3.4 Summery
• 4 Cross-Cultural Construction of the Chinese Canon
• 4.1 Fusion of Horizons in Translation
• 4.1.1 Horizon of Source Text
• 4.1.2 Translator's Motives
• 4.1.3 Translation Strategy
• 4.1.4 The Target Horizon
• 4.2 Intercultural Construction of the Specific Text
• 4.2.1 Characteristics of the Translated Texts
• 4.2.1.1 Characteristics of James Legge's Version
• 4.2.1.2 Characteristics of Ku Hungming's Version
• 4.2.1.3 Characteristics of Ames&Rosemont's Version
• 4.2.1.4 Characteristics of Khu Brothers' Version
• 4.2.2 Methods to Deal with Cultural Differences
• 4.3 Significance of Translation of Lun Yu
• 4.3.1 Dialogue between Traditional and Modern Values
• 4.3.2 Dialogue between China and the West
• 4.3.3 Necessity of Retranslation of Lun Yu
• 5 Conclusion
• 5.1 A General Summary
• 5.2 Enlightenments on Translation
• 5.3 Suggestions for Further Research
• Acknowledgements
• Bibliography
• Appendix Ⅰ
• Publications While Registered with the MA Program