论文摘要
本文选择我国典型的肉食性鱼类牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)为研究对象,在室内养殖系统(养殖桶规格:50 L)中进行为期70 d的摄食生长实验,探讨不发酵豆粕和发酵豆粕蛋白部分替代饲料中的鱼粉蛋白以及在饲料中添加外源酶制剂和促摄食物质对其摄食、生长和饲料利用率的影响。主要研究结果如下:1.发酵豆粕对牙鲆摄食生长的影响I:产朊假丝酵母(Candida utilis)、少孢根霉(Rhizopus oligosporus)和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)发酵豆粕对牙鲆摄食、生长和饲料利用率影响。分别用产朊假丝酵母AS 2.120、少孢根霉AS 3.4392和枯草芽孢杆菌AS 1.892对豆粕进行固态发酵,得到3种发酵豆粕。经检测,发酵显著降低了豆粕中胰蛋白酶抑制因子、植酸和大豆皂甙的含量,提高了游离氨基酸的含量。实验共配制10种等氮等能的饲料,其中以全鱼粉饲料为对照饲料(饲料1);豆粕取代饲料(以下均称豆粕取代饲料)主要以鱼粉和豆粕为蛋白源,其中,未发酵豆粕蛋白替代30%、45%和60%的鱼粉蛋白(饲料2-饲料4),发酵豆粕蛋白分别替代45%和60%的鱼粉蛋白(饲料5-饲料10),研究不同添加水平的发酵和不发酵豆粕对牙鲆摄食生长的影响。实验结果表明,饲料中豆粕蛋白部分替代鱼粉蛋白后对牙鲆的成活率没有显著的影响(P>0.05)。不论发酵豆粕或不发酵豆粕,当其替代鱼粉蛋白的量为60%时,牙鲆的摄食率和增重率均显著低于全鱼粉组(P<0.01);当其替代量为45%时,除酵母发酵豆粕组牙鲆的摄食率和增重率与全鱼粉组相比较差异不显著外,其余各组的摄食率和增重率均显著低于全鱼粉组(P<0.01),但3种发酵豆粕组牙鲆的增重率均显著高于未发酵豆粕组(P<0.01)。饲料中豆粕蛋白替代一定量的鱼粉蛋白对鱼体粗蛋白、水分和能量含量没有显著的影响。但是随着替代量的升高(45%和60%),未发酵豆粕组和杆菌发酵豆粕组鱼体的粗脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05),而灰分含量显著升高(P<0.01);其余两种发酵豆粕在替代量为45%时,鱼体粗脂肪和灰分含量与全鱼粉组差异不显著,但替代量为60%时,鱼体灰分含量显著升高。发酵和不发酵豆粕均不影响鱼体的氨基酸组成。随着饲料中不发酵豆粕蛋白替代量的增加(45
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