从关联理论看报纸中的语码转换现象

从关联理论看报纸中的语码转换现象

论文摘要

越来越多的学者开始关注在语言交际中频繁出现的语码转换现象,并就其出现的原因、形式、影响等等做了大量的的分析研究。关联理论作为一种新兴的有效的语用学理论,为我们提供了一种分析语码转换的新思路。报纸可看作是一种实现明示——推理交际的手段。在这一交际中,作者通过使读者显映的方式进行编码、表达意图,这一向读者明确表示意图的行为被称为明示。读者根据显映的命题解码,并将解码所得的证据作为前提的一部分,结合自身的认知语境和对新信息的推理达到对信息的正确理解。而对于出现在报纸等平面媒体上的语码转换目前还没有学者从关联理论角度进行过分析。作为公开发行的刊物,报纸为了扩大发行量而采取了确定特定目标读者群的策略,语码转换是一个十分有效的手段确定目标读者。本文旨在从关联理论的角度分析这一现象,并分析了导致语码转换的社会因素及心理因素。本文调查了四种发行量较大较有影响力的报纸中出现的语码转换,并在此基础上,分析了报纸中语码转换的一般规律,以及导致语码转换出现的原因及其对关联程度的影响导致语码转换的社会原因主要有:话题的正式程度、人们对概念的接受程度、经济原则、以及交际双方的社会距离。心理因素主要是区别和隐藏。在通常情况下,报刊文章的作者会通过选择语码来选择或者迎合特定读者,以达到最有效的交际,使交际双方利益最大化。这些因素并不是相互独立的,有时会交织在一起共同导致语码转换的发生。在关联理论中,最大关联并不等同于最佳关联。根据最佳关联设想,文章必须产生足够的语境效果,而读者只需要付出最小的努力理解作者的意图,那么文章就具有最佳关联。为了使文章达到最佳的语境效果,也即取得最佳关联,作者们在使用语码转换时必须对目标读者作出一定的考虑,而因此也使语码转换的使用变得有迹可循。

论文目录

  • Acknowledgements
  • List of figures and tables
  • Abstract in Chinese
  • Abstract in English
  • Chapter I introduction
  • Chapter 2. Theoretical framework
  • 2.1 An overview of relevance theory
  • 2.1.1 Human communication
  • 2.1.2 Mutually manifest assumptions
  • 2.1.3 Intention & inference
  • 2.1.4 Relevance theory
  • 2.2 Code-switching and related studies
  • 2.2.1 Definition of Code-switching
  • 2.2.2 Brief theoretical review of code-switching
  • 2.2.2.1 General picture of code-switching research and the research purpose of this thesis
  • 2.2.2.2 Gumpez: Code-switching and contextualization
  • 2.2.2.3 Myers-Scotton: Markedness model
  • 2.3 Newspaper as a means of ostensive-inferential communication
  • 2.4 Code-switching in newspapers from a relevance perspective
  • 2.4.1 Is code-switching a violation to relevance?
  • 2.4.1.1 The communicative purpose of newspapers
  • 2.4.1.2 Maximum relevance and optimal relevance
  • 2.4.2 Apply relevance theory to code-switching in newspapers
  • Chapter 3. Data analysis
  • 3.1 Sources of data
  • 3.2 Analysis of the data
  • 3.2.1 Number of code-switching in 4 newspapers
  • 3.2.2 Occurrence frequency of code-switching in 4 newspapers
  • Chapter 4. Relevance theory for the study of code-switching in newspapers
  • 4.1 Some characteristics of code-switching in different newspapers
  • 4.2 Reasons for using code-switching in different newspapers and discourses and their effects on communication
  • 4.2.1 Social reasons
  • 4.2.1.1 The choice of topics
  • 4.2.1.1.1 Formality of the topic
  • 4.2.1.1.2 Adaptation of the topic
  • 4.2.1.2 Economic principle
  • 4.2.1.3 Social distance
  • 4.2.2 Psychological reasons
  • 4.2.2.1 Discrimination
  • 4.2.2.2 Concealment
  • 4.3 Code-switching and optimal relevance
  • Chapter 5. Conclusion
  • 5.1 Major findings of the study
  • 5.2 Some suggestions for further research
  • Bibliography
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    从关联理论看报纸中的语码转换现象
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