谈口译过程中注意力合理分配的技巧

论文摘要

本文以Gile的口译精力分配模式、认知负荷模型为理论框架,论述口译过程中3个注意力模式:理解注意力、产出注意力和短期记忆操作注意力供给与需求的矛盾,以及制约译员解决矛盾的因素;同时以心理学关于注意的理论说明口译译员从事多重任务活动的条件限制,译员要在理解原语的基础上产出译语,这两种活动需要大量的有意识的认知处理。译员在口译过程中要对注意力合理分配,以保证口译活动的顺利进行。随着中国对外开放的不断深入和经济实力的不断增强,中国经济与世界经济的联系将更加紧密,与世界各国的交流与合作日趋密切,需要大量高素质的口译人员。本文介绍了口译的历史、特点与标准,口译过程中注意力合理分配对口译人员素质的要求,强调了口译过程中注意力合理分配的必要性和重要性。口译是一项复杂的工作,口译员做口译时,语言的感知、理解、翻译、表达几乎同时进行,而时间又很紧迫,这是一种高强度、高难度的脑力劳动,因此多重任务分散了译员的注意力,为了处理口译过程中面临的困难与压力,提高口译能力,译员必须学会一心多用,合理分配注意力,从而快速有效地输出信息。本文分析并提出了口译过程中注意力合理分配的技巧,如听的过程中快速分析、概括、提炼的技巧;词义替换的技巧;释义的技巧;记忆的技巧;记笔记的技巧;口译中用目标语思维,形成职业反应,快速输出的技巧;化解心理压力的技巧等。基于此,译员培训应注重注意力合理分配的训练,如跟读练习;分心练习;概括材料要点练习;笔记训练;预测练习等。通过对口译过程中注意力合理分配技巧的训练及掌握,译员的口译能力必然会得到很大提高,从而为口译有效交际奠定基础。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract in English
• Abstract in Chinese
• Introduction
• Chapter 1 The History of Interpreting
• 1.1 The Origin of Interpreting
• 1.2 The International Association of Conference Interpreters
• 1.3 Interpreting Research
• Chapter 2 The Characteristics and Criteria of Interpreting
• 2.1 The Definition of Interpreting
• 2.2 The Characteristics and Criteria of Interpreting
• Chapter 3 The Requirements of Interpreter’s Quality
• 3.1 Interpreters Must Have Good Command of the Source Language and the Target Languages
• 3.2 Interpreters Must Have Broad Horizon of Knowledge
• 3.3 Interpreters Must Know the Conceptual Framework and Master the Skills
• 3.4 Interpreters’Comprehension Requirements
• 3.5 Interpreters’Linguistic Proficiency
• 3.6 Interpreters’Cognitive and Communicative Requirements
• Chapter 4 The Necessity of Allocating Attention Reasonably
• 4.1 The Importance of Allocating Attention in the Process of Interpreting
• 4.2 The Problem Triggers Caused by Processing Capacity Requirement
• 4.3 The Conceptual Framework in Interpretation
• 4.3.1 The Effort Model Described by Gile
• 4.3.2 Being Aware of the Aspects and the Phases of Interpretation
• 4.3.3 The Concepts of Attention in Cognitive Psychology
• Chapter 5 The Skills of Allocating Attention Reasonably
• 5.1 The Skill of Analyzing and Summarizing Rapidly
• 5.2 The Skill of Lexical Substitution
• 5.3 The Skill of Paraphrasing
• 5.4 The Skill of Memorization
• 5.5 The Skill of Note-taking
• 5.6 The Skill of Thinking with the Target Language and Rendering the Content Rapidly
• 5.7 The Skill of Reducing the Mental Pressure of Interpreter
• Chapter 6 The Taining to the Interpreter of Allocating Attention Reasonably
• 6.1 The Role of Training
• 6.2 The Stages of Training
• 6.3 The Learning of Interpreting Skills
• 6.4 The Methodology of Training
• 6.4.1 The Training of Shadowing or Repeating
• 6.4.2 The Training of Allocating Attention
• 6.4.3 The Training of Summarizing or Recall
• 6.4.4 The Training of Note-taking
• 6.4.5 The Training of Anticipation
• Conclusion
• Bibliography