论文题目: 汉英言语反讽的形式与功能一项基于电视辩论语料的语用研究
论文类型: 博士论文
论文专业: 外国语言学与应用语言学
作者: 姚俊
导师: 许余龙
关键词: 言语反讽,多层面的不相容性,基于原型的范畴,反讽暗示,应答反讽的方式
文献来源: 上海外国语大学
发表年度: 2005
论文摘要: 本文旨在考察汉语和美语这两种不同语言在言语反讽的使用上呈现的异同。研究主要致力于探讨反讽的两个方面:实现反讽的语用语言形式及语用策略(又称反讽的语用语言暗示)和反讽的语用功能。在进行该项对比研究前,必须首先解决两个至关紧要的问题。一是如何确定一句话语是反讽;另一个问题是如何为反讽这样一个复杂的语用现象构建一个可行的对比框架。为了制定辨认反讽的基本原则,文章首先对前人就反讽本质的研究进行了回顾。在借鉴这些研究成果的基础上,提出了一个综合性的反讽本质观:反讽是一个基于原型的范畴,反讽话语和非反讽话语之间没有明确的界限;反讽通常被用来表达说话者对某事物或者某个人的评价;反讽的认知往往是因为听话者在语境信息的提示下察觉到该话语中隐含着某种不相容性而促成的;反讽的使用必须达到某种语用效果。基于这样一个反讽本质观,本文提出了辨认反讽的基本原则。该原则认为,听话者对反讽话语中存在的多层面的不相容性的察觉是确认反讽的一个必要因素。要辨认一句话语是否为反讽,应该衡量它与原型反讽的相似性而不是看它是否具备了反讽所有的区别性特征。反讽的反讽值取决于六个因子:话语对说话者期望的提及程度,话语的语用不诚实度,话语对否定或者肯定意态的间接表达程度,独立于语境之外的话语合意度;说话者期望的显性程度以及该话语的语用效力。为了构建一个考察反讽的对比框架,本文着重探讨了两个问题:实现反讽的语用语言形式及语用策略和应答反讽的方式。在总结前人研究的基础上,本文列出了反讽主要的语用语言暗示,归纳了应答反讽的主要方式,为我们的对比实证研究确立了对比基础。为确保比较的合理性,我们把对比语料局限于同一个语境:电视辩论节目。我们的中英文语料都是来自颇受观众欢迎的电视辩论节目,即凤凰卫视的“时事辩论会”和CNN的“交火”。我们从176个“时事辩论会”的节目中收集了139个汉语的反讽语料,从67个“交火”的节目中收集了150个美国英语的反讽语料。我们对比语料的分析包括两个部分:一是考察两种语言在反讽的语用语言暗示上
论文目录:
Acknowledgements
Abstract in English
Abstract in Chinese
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.0 Preliminary Remarks
1.1 A General Description of Irony
1.1.1 Definitional Problems
1.1.2 The Irony Family in English
1.1.3 Properties of Ironic Utterances
1.1.4 Pragma-linguistic Forms and Pragmatic Strategies to Realize Irony
1.2 A Brief Comparison Between Verbal Irony in English and “Fanyu”in Chinese
1.3 The Rationale of the Present Study
1.4 Objectives and Methodology
1.5 Outline of the Dissertation
Chapter 2 A Review of Previous Literature on the Nature of Irony
2.0 Introduction
2.1 The Traditional Rhetorical and Semantic Approaches: Irony as a Figure of Speech.
2.1.1 Traditional Rhetorical and Semantic Definition of Irony
2.1.2 Logical Refinement of Traditional Definition of Irony: Irony as Negation
2.2 Pragmatic Approaches
2.2.1 Irony as Violation of the Maxim of Quality: Grice’s theory
2.2.2 Irony as Indirect Negation and Graded Salience Violation: Giora’s Revision of Grice’s Approach
2.2.3 Irony as Relevant Inappropriateness: Attardo’s Development of Grice’s
2.2.4 Irony as an Insincere Speech Act: Analyses of Irony within Speech Act Theory
2.3 Cognitive Approaches
2.3.1 The Echoic Mention/Interpretation Theory: Sperber & Wilson’s Approach
2.3.2 The Pretense Theory: Clark & Gerrig’s Approach
2.3.3 The Echoic Reminder Theory: Kreuz & Glucksberg’s Approach
2.3.4 The Allusional Pretense Theory: Kumon-Nakamura et al.’s Approach
2.3.5 Irony as Implicit Display of Ironic Environment: Utsumi’s Prototype-based Approach
2.4 An Integrated View on the Nature of Irony
2.4.1 Irony as a Prototype-based Category
2.4.2 Irony as a Critical Evaluation
2.4.3 Irony as a Multi-dimensional Incompatibility
2.4.4 Irony with Pragmatic Forces
Chapter 3 Identification of Irony
3.0 Introduction
3.1 The Criterion for the Identification of Irony
3.1.1 Psychological Basis for the Identification of Irony
3.1.2 The Criterion
3.2 Irony and Other Related Tropes
3.2.1 Irony and Sarcasm
3.2.2 Irony and Satire
3.2.3 Irony and Innuendo
3.2.4 Irony and Parody
3.3 Irony and Other Related Speech Acts
3.3.1 Irony and Jokes
3.3.2 Irony and Teasing/Jocularity
3.3.3 Irony and Lies
3.4 Identification of Pragma-linguistic Cues Triggering Ironic Interpretation
3.4.1 The Role of Pragma-linguistic Cues in Irony Understanding
3.4.2 A Review of Previous Studies on Ironic Cues
3.4.3 A List of Pragma-linguistic Cues for Irony
Chapter 4 Pragmatic Functions of Irony and Ways of Responding to Irony
4.0 Introduction
4.1 Pragmatic Functions of Irony
4.1.1 Enhancing the Speaker’s Ironic Attitude, Especially a Negative One
4.1.2 Amusing and Exhibiting a Sense of Wit
4.1.3 Saving Face
4.1.4 Establishing Solidarity
4.2 Ways of Responding to Irony
4.2.1 A Review of Recent Researches on the Responses to Irony
4.2.2 The Relationship between Pragmatic Functions of Irony and Responses to
Chapter 5 Pragma-linguistic Cues for Irony Used in Mandarin Chinese and American English
5.0 Introduction
5.1 Research Design
5.1.1 Objectives of the Study
5.1.2 Description of the Data
5.2 Pragma-linguistic Cues Used in Chinese Ironic Utterances
5.2.1 An Overview of the General Types of Ironic Cues
5.2.2 Lexical Cues
5.2.3 Syntactic Cues
5.2.4 Typical Rhetorical Devices
5.2.5 Pragmatic Acts and Strategies
5.3 Pragma-linguistic Cues Used in American English Ironic Utterances
5.3.1 An Overview of the General Types of Ironic Cues
5.3.2 Lexical Cues
5.3.3 Syntactic Cues
5.3.4 Typical Rhetorical Devices
5.3.5 Pragmatic Acts and Strategies
5.4 Comparison and Discussion
5.4.1 An Overall Comparison
5.4.2 Lexical Cues
5.4.3 Syntactic Cues
5.4.4 Typical Rhetorical Devices
5.4.5 Pragmatic Acts and Strategies
5.5 Summary
Chapter 6 Ways of Responding to Irony in Mandarin Chinese and American English
6.0 Introduction
6.1 Research Design
6.1.1 Purposes of the Study
6.1.2 Description of the Data
6.2 A Classification and Brief Account of the Ways of Responding to Irony
6.2.1 Serious Responses to the Implied
6.2.2 Acceptance of the Irony and Playing Along
6.2.3 Simple Laughter
6.2.4 Zero Response
6.3 A Comparison of the Responses to Irony between Mandarin Chinese and American English
6.3.1 An Overall Comparison
6.3.2 Serious Reactions
6.3.3 Acceptance of the Irony and Playing Along
6.3.4 Simple Laughter
6.3.5 Zero Response
6.4 Summary
Chapter 7 Conclusion
7.0 Introduction
7.1 Summary of the Major Findings
7.1.1 Major Findings in the Study on the Pragma-linguistic forms and Pragmatic Strategies in Irony Realization
7.1.2 Major Findings in the Study on the Ways of Responding to Irony
7.2 Practical Implications of the Present Study
7.3 Limitations of This Study and Suggestions for Further Research
Appendix
References
发布时间: 2006-12-30
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标签:言语反讽论文; 多层面的不相容性论文; 基于原型的范畴论文; 反讽暗示论文; 应答反讽的方式论文;