论文摘要
兼语式是汉语的一种特殊句式,结构为NP1+VP1+NP2+VP2。其中NP2既做前动词V1的宾语,又做后动词V2的主语,所以被称为“兼语”。含有这种“兼语成分NP2”的结构被称为兼语式(或兼语句)。汉语语法学家尚未给“兼语成分”的双重语法功能做出一个合理的解释。一些研究者试图从生成语法中找答案,认为NP2是前动词V1的宾语,后动词V2应该有一个空主语。自从黄正德(1982/1998)提出汉语不定式的空主语是PRO,生成语法学家便大多认为兼语式中的空主语是PRO。然而PRO说存在一些问题,能否被用来分析汉语兼语式值得商榷。在最简方案框架下,本文应用语段理论对汉语兼语式的生成进行了探讨。借鉴Hornstein(1999)的移位假说,结合拷贝的移位理论the copy theory ofmovement,本文提议用NP拷贝取代PRO分析汉语兼语式。以二价V2构成的兼语句“妈妈逼我看书。”为例,“兼语成分NP2我”在V2“看”的外论元位置合并,与V2进行题元特征核查(Hornstein 1999)之后得到施事题元角色。受到Tdef的EPP特征吸引,NP2“我”复制一个拷贝(copy)到[TdefP,Spec]位置。但是这个NP2拷贝“我”无法通过与Tdef一致性特征核查得到主格。于是它穿透非语段TdefP与上一层探针V1“逼”进行特征核查,得到宾格和受事题元角色。当所有不可解释特征被赋值并送入语音层,语链上个最高拷贝得到拼读。整个兼语式的生成过程完成。本文在理论上的突破是根据动词的题元特征假说(Hornstein 1999)和拷贝的移位理论对题元准则的重新解读,扩大了拷贝(copy)的解释范围,取消了建立在管辖与约束理论基础上的冗余概念和纯形式特征,体现了理论构建的经济原则。在实践方面,本文根据语段理论,总结了一些判断汉语语段的纯句法检测方法。当然,本文对兼语式的NP拷贝分析法的跨语言价值有待更多语料的检验。更系统的判断汉语语段的方法也有待进一步研究。
论文目录
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSABSTRACT摘要CONTENTSLIST OF ABBREVIATIONSCHAPTER ONE Introducion1.1 Introduction1.2 Definition1.2.1 Naming the construction1.2.2 Defining the construction1.3 OrganizationCHAPTER TWO Literature Review2.1 Introduction2.2 Traditional Chinese grammar2.2.1Wang (1954)2.2.2 Ding, Lu and Li (1961)2.2.3 Lu (1953, 1999)2.2.4 Wu(1990)2.2.5 Yang (1984,1992)2.2.6 Summary2.3 Generative Grammar2.3.1 Xing (1984, 1995)2.3.2 Fan (1991,1996, 2002)2.3.3 Cheng (2003)2.3.4 Liu (2004)2.3.5 Yang (2004)2.4 Comments on the previous studies2.5 Problems of the PRO the analysis2.6 SummaryCHAPTER THREE The Scope of Our Study3.1 Introduction3.2 The scope of the jianyu construction3.2.1 Distinguishing the jianyu construction from the SPP complement clause3.2.2 Distinguishing the jianyu construction from the DOC3.2.3 Distinguishing the jianyu construction from the serial verb construction3.3 The classification of the jianyu construction3.4 SummaryCHAPTER FOUR Theoretical Framework4.1 The movement theory of control4.1.1 Hornstein's (1999) assumptions4.1.2 Expanding the scope of control and raising4.1.3 Reply to arguments against MTC4.1.4 Empirical Arguments4.2 Theta roles as checking features4.2.1 The theta features of verbal phrases4.2.2 A-movement and the Theta Criterion4.3 The copy theory of movement4.3.1 From traces to copies4.3.2 Empirical evidence4.4 SummaryCHAPTER FIVE The Derivation of the Jianyu Construction5.1 Introduction5.2 Merge and the Thematic Hierarchy5.3 Identifying phases in Chinese5.3.1 The Phase TheorycompP/TdefP)'>5.3.2 Distinction between phase and non-phase in Chinese (TcompP/TdefP)5.4 Our proposal5.4.1 The NP-copy analysis5.4.2 Deriving the jianyu construction5.5 SummaryCHAPTER SIX Conclusion6.1 Final conclusions6.2 Merits6.3 LimitationsREFERENCES
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标签:兼语式论文; 题元角色论文; 移位论文; 拷贝论文;