图像中的意义与媒体的意识形态：西藏3.14事件新闻图像的多模态语篇分析

论文摘要

随着科学技术的发展,越来越多的语篇逐渐呈现多模态化。尤其是在新闻报道语篇中更是如此:报纸上图像越来越多,占得篇幅也越来越大;网上新闻报道甚至还链接上了视频,不仅有动态图像,而且还有声音。换句话说,图像在新闻报道中发挥着越来越重要的作用。一些研究批评语篇分析的学者十分关注新闻语篇,但是他们仅仅关注新闻语篇中的文字,而有关新闻图像分析的研究则凤毛麟角。本文以Kress和van Leeuwen提出的视觉语法为理论基础,对中美媒体报道西藏3.14动乱事件时使用图像的情况进行多模态语篇分析,揭示中美媒体在这一事件的报道中体现的不同意识形态。具体来说,中国媒体将警察建构成西藏人民和社会的“保护神”;将动乱分子建构成给西藏人民带来灾难,给西藏和中国造成巨大损失的暴徒、恶棍。而美国媒体却将警察建构成粗暴的“镇压者”;反而将动乱分子建构成“弱者”,在一些图像中,甚至将他们建构成“和平抗议者”。分析表明,通过图像制造者在向量、接触、距离、视角、信息值、显著性和框架等方面的加工,图像已不再具有简单的再现意义、互动意义和构图意义,而是成为媒体表达其意识形态意义的一种方式。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• List of Figures and Tables
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Rationale of the Present Study
• 1.2 Objectives and Research Questions
• 1.3 Data Collection and Research Method
• 1.4 Structure of the Thesis
• Chapter Two Literature Review
• 2.1 Multimodal Discourse Analysis
• 2.1.1 A survey of multimodal discourse analysis
• 2.1.2 Earlier studies of the sign
• 2.1.3 Visual communication
• 2.2 Critical Discourse Analysis
• 2.3 Critical Discourse Analysis and Multimodal Discourse Analysis
• Chapter Three An Analytical Framework
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Kress and Van Leeuwen’s Visual Grammar
• 3.2.1 Representational meaning
• 3.2.2 Interactive meaning
• 3.2.3 Compositional meaning
• 3.3 Summary
• Chapter Four Analysis of Visual Images in Tibet 3.14 News Reports
• 4.1.Introduction
• 4.2 Overall Analysis of the Photo Groups
• 4.2.1 Overall analysis of the photo group from New York Times
• 4.2.2 Overall analysis of the photo group from Chinese Media
• 4.2.3 Comparative results
• 4.3 Analysis of Images about the Army Vehicles
• 4.3.1 Army Vehicles—the attacker or the sufferer
• 4.3.2 Army Vehicles-interacting with the viewer or not
• 4.3.3 Army Vehicles-important or ancillary information
• 4.3.4 Ideologies in the image about the army vehicles
• 4.4 Analysis of Images about the Clash between the Police and the Insurgents
• 4.4.1 Attacker-the police or the insurgents
• 4.4.2 The viewer –involving with the insurgents or not
• 4.4.3 The police-beating or hiding
• 4.4.4 Ideologies in the image about the clash between the police and the insurgents
• 4.5 Analysis of Images about the Police Blockading
• 4.5.1 The Police-blockading or protecting
• 4.5.2 The insurgents-interacting with the viewer or disappearing
• 4.5.3 The Insurgents-important information or not
• 4.5.4 Ideologies in the image about the police blockading
• 4.6 Summary
• Chapter Five Conclusion
• 5.1 Major Findings
• 5.2 Limitations and Suggestions for Further Studies
• Bibliography
• Appendix
• 攻读硕士期间发表论文目录
• Acknowledgements