本文主要研究内容
作者樊祖清（2019）在《不同调控措施对烟草生长及根际土壤微生物区系的影响》一文中研究指出：2016年对河南省洛阳烟区、漯河烟区烟草种植发病情况调查研究时发现,烟草土传病害主要以黑胫病和根结线虫为主,个别地区还有根黑腐病、角斑病等。为了减少烟草土传病害发生,提高烟叶产质量,本文通过对河南省洛阳市宜阳县、汝阳县以及漯河市临颍县发病烟田采取不同调控措施,如施加生物菌肥、石灰氮、间套作、轮作等,研究土壤微生物数量和结构变化及对发病的影响。在烟草移栽前、团棵期、旺长期和成熟期分别取根际土壤,检测可培养微生物数量、土壤的基本理化性质、高通量基因测序,并测定生物菌肥和石灰氮试验田烟株在团棵期和旺长期的农艺性状、成熟期的发病率、烤后烟的经济性状。分析确定不同调控措施下烟田根际土壤微生物数量、区系结构、优势菌种及其变化特征等,为有效防控土传病害、提高烤烟生产质量提供理论依据。试验结果如下:(1)施用生物菌肥利于有益微生物在土壤中定殖并大量繁殖,对土壤微生物结构及土传病害防治产生显著而稳定的影响。施用解淀粉芽孢杆菌B1619的土壤中Sphingomonas作为降解土壤有毒物质最有效的细菌属,成熟期处理T比对照C高15.53%;Gibberella作为促进植物生长的真菌属,旺长期处理T比对照C高1058.60%。措施改善了烟株根际土壤的微生态,对根际土壤微生物的群落结构和数量产生了较大影响,烤烟产量和产值分别提高了4.94%和3.50%。(2)施用石灰氮(处理T)烟田从移栽前到团棵期根际土壤可培养细菌、真菌、放线菌数量分别比对照减少了87.0%、89.8%、87.3%,随着烟株生长逐渐恢复;正常施肥(对照C)烟田除真菌数量在团棵期比移栽前降低了82.1%,细菌和放线菌的数量变化差异不显著。在烟株生长中后期,总体上处理T的微生物含量稍低于对照C。高通量测序结果表明,施用石灰氮对烟株根际土壤微生物数量和群落结构都有影响,对真菌影响更明显。处理T烟株的根结线虫病的发病率是对照C的一半;黑胫病的发病率也显著低于对照C,根结线虫和黑胫病的防控效率分别为50.0%和41.8%。处理烟田亩产量提高了4.65%,亩产值提高了7.19%。(3)采用不同作物进行调茬:连作烟田根际土壤可培养细菌和放线菌的数量随着烟株的生长逐渐升高,真菌数量减少;采用地瓜、花生调茬的根际土壤可培养细菌数量随着地瓜的生长而升高,真菌和放线菌的数量减少;采用小麦调茬的烟田根际土壤可培养细菌和真菌含量随着小麦的生长而增长,放线菌数量减少。从烟株移栽前到旺长期:在属水平,连作烟田根际土壤真菌含量超过1%的总含量从72.35%降到17.29%,采取地瓜调茬的从51.68%降到39.84%,采取花生调茬的从51.68%上升到79.39%。在门水平,连作烟田根际土壤真菌含量从89.42%降低到30.92%,采取地瓜调茬的真菌含量从74.28%降低到55.06%,采取花生调茬的真菌含量从74.28%上升到96.24%。在小麦调茬及其对照烟田中,连作烟田细菌含量在两个时期都处于94%~96%之间;对照烟田中真菌含量在90%~95%之间,小麦调茬烟田真菌含量在95%~98%之间。采取地瓜调茬的根际土壤中Gibberella的数量明显比移栽前减少,而采取花生调茬则明显增多;采取小麦调茬提高了土壤益生菌Sphingomonas的含量,同时根际土壤真菌Schizosaccharomyces的含量显著降低。由此可以看出,通过地瓜、花生和小麦等调茬,可以显著改变作物根际土壤的真菌数量和种类,提高根际土壤中益生菌的含量,且采取小麦调茬对根际土壤微生物的影响效果最好。(4)地瓜-烟草间作可使烟草生长中后期根际土壤中碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾富集。单作和间作烟田根际土壤可培养细菌数量随着烟株的生长逐渐减小;放线菌随着烟株的生长先减少后增加,在成熟期又稍有减少;真菌随着烟株的生长先增加后减少,单作烟田在旺长期达到最高,间作烟田在团棵期达到最高。在真菌属水平上,单作烟田出现了六种优势菌,间作烟田出现了十种优势菌,间作有利于优势菌的生长,使得根际土壤微生物的区系结构发生改变,根际土壤微生态结构趋于良性。烟株根际土壤微生态的良性发展有利于烟草的正常生长,提高抗性,对烟草土传病害的防控具有一定的效果。(5)推广试验发现,施用生物菌肥和石灰氮都可提高上等烟叶的比例、烤烟的产量和产值。连续施用两年的生物菌肥试验田在上等烟比例和烟草产值等方面比施用一年的生物菌肥试验田分别提升了1.00%和4.2%。综合考虑经济成本和应用效果,建议推广示范最好采取施用石灰氮的处理。
Abstract
2016nian dui he na sheng luo yang yan ou 、luo he yan ou yan cao chong zhi fa bing qing kuang diao cha yan jiu shi fa xian ,yan cao tu chuan bing hai zhu yao yi hei jing bing he gen jie xian chong wei zhu ,ge bie de ou hai you gen hei fu bing 、jiao ban bing deng 。wei le jian shao yan cao tu chuan bing hai fa sheng ,di gao yan xie chan zhi liang ,ben wen tong guo dui he na sheng luo yang shi yi yang xian 、ru yang xian yi ji luo he shi lin ying xian fa bing yan tian cai qu bu tong diao kong cuo shi ,ru shi jia sheng wu jun fei 、dan hui dan 、jian tao zuo 、lun zuo deng ,yan jiu tu rang wei sheng wu shu liang he jie gou bian hua ji dui fa bing de ying xiang 。zai yan cao yi zai qian 、tuan ke ji 、wang chang ji he cheng shou ji fen bie qu gen ji tu rang ,jian ce ke pei yang wei sheng wu shu liang 、tu rang de ji ben li hua xing zhi 、gao tong liang ji yin ce xu ,bing ce ding sheng wu jun fei he dan hui dan shi yan tian yan zhu zai tuan ke ji he wang chang ji de nong yi xing zhuang 、cheng shou ji de fa bing lv 、kao hou yan de jing ji xing zhuang 。fen xi que ding bu tong diao kong cuo shi xia yan tian gen ji tu rang wei sheng wu shu liang 、ou ji jie gou 、you shi jun chong ji ji bian hua te zheng deng ,wei you xiao fang kong tu chuan bing hai 、di gao kao yan sheng chan zhi liang di gong li lun yi ju 。shi yan jie guo ru xia :(1)shi yong sheng wu jun fei li yu you yi wei sheng wu zai tu rang zhong ding shi bing da liang fan shi ,dui tu rang wei sheng wu jie gou ji tu chuan bing hai fang zhi chan sheng xian zhe er wen ding de ying xiang 。shi yong jie dian fen ya bao gan jun B1619de tu rang zhong Sphingomonaszuo wei jiang jie tu rang you du wu zhi zui you xiao de xi jun shu ,cheng shou ji chu li Tbi dui zhao Cgao 15.53%;Gibberellazuo wei cu jin zhi wu sheng chang de zhen jun shu ,wang chang ji chu li Tbi dui zhao Cgao 1058.60%。cuo shi gai shan le yan zhu gen ji tu rang de wei sheng tai ,dui gen ji tu rang wei sheng wu de qun la jie gou he shu liang chan sheng le jiao da ying xiang ,kao yan chan liang he chan zhi fen bie di gao le 4.94%he 3.50%。(2)shi yong dan hui dan (chu li T)yan tian cong yi zai qian dao tuan ke ji gen ji tu rang ke pei yang xi jun 、zhen jun 、fang xian jun shu liang fen bie bi dui zhao jian shao le 87.0%、89.8%、87.3%,sui zhao yan zhu sheng chang zhu jian hui fu ;zheng chang shi fei (dui zhao C)yan tian chu zhen jun shu liang zai tuan ke ji bi yi zai qian jiang di le 82.1%,xi jun he fang xian jun de shu liang bian hua cha yi bu xian zhe 。zai yan zhu sheng chang zhong hou ji ,zong ti shang chu li Tde wei sheng wu han liang shao di yu dui zhao C。gao tong liang ce xu jie guo biao ming ,shi yong dan hui dan dui yan zhu gen ji tu rang wei sheng wu shu liang he qun la jie gou dou you ying xiang ,dui zhen jun ying xiang geng ming xian 。chu li Tyan zhu de gen jie xian chong bing de fa bing lv shi dui zhao Cde yi ban ;hei jing bing de fa bing lv ye xian zhe di yu dui zhao C,gen jie xian chong he hei jing bing de fang kong xiao lv fen bie wei 50.0%he 41.8%。chu li yan tian mu chan liang di gao le 4.65%,mu chan zhi di gao le 7.19%。(3)cai yong bu tong zuo wu jin hang diao cha :lian zuo yan tian gen ji tu rang ke pei yang xi jun he fang xian jun de shu liang sui zhao yan zhu de sheng chang zhu jian sheng gao ,zhen jun shu liang jian shao ;cai yong de gua 、hua sheng diao cha de gen ji tu rang ke pei yang xi jun shu liang sui zhao de gua de sheng chang er sheng gao ,zhen jun he fang xian jun de shu liang jian shao ;cai yong xiao mai diao cha de yan tian gen ji tu rang ke pei yang xi jun he zhen jun han liang sui zhao xiao mai de sheng chang er zeng chang ,fang xian jun shu liang jian shao 。cong yan zhu yi zai qian dao wang chang ji :zai shu shui ping ,lian zuo yan tian gen ji tu rang zhen jun han liang chao guo 1%de zong han liang cong 72.35%jiang dao 17.29%,cai qu de gua diao cha de cong 51.68%jiang dao 39.84%,cai qu hua sheng diao cha de cong 51.68%shang sheng dao 79.39%。zai men shui ping ,lian zuo yan tian gen ji tu rang zhen jun han liang cong 89.42%jiang di dao 30.92%,cai qu de gua diao cha de zhen jun han liang cong 74.28%jiang di dao 55.06%,cai qu hua sheng diao cha de zhen jun han liang cong 74.28%shang sheng dao 96.24%。zai xiao mai diao cha ji ji dui zhao yan tian zhong ,lian zuo yan tian xi jun han liang zai liang ge shi ji dou chu yu 94%~96%zhi jian ;dui zhao yan tian zhong zhen jun han liang zai 90%~95%zhi jian ,xiao mai diao cha yan tian zhen jun han liang zai 95%~98%zhi jian 。cai qu de gua diao cha de gen ji tu rang zhong Gibberellade shu liang ming xian bi yi zai qian jian shao ,er cai qu hua sheng diao cha ze ming xian zeng duo ;cai qu xiao mai diao cha di gao le tu rang yi sheng jun Sphingomonasde han liang ,tong shi gen ji tu rang zhen jun Schizosaccharomycesde han liang xian zhe jiang di 。you ci ke yi kan chu ,tong guo de gua 、hua sheng he xiao mai deng diao cha ,ke yi xian zhe gai bian zuo wu gen ji tu rang de zhen jun shu liang he chong lei ,di gao gen ji tu rang zhong yi sheng jun de han liang ,ju cai qu xiao mai diao cha dui gen ji tu rang wei sheng wu de ying xiang xiao guo zui hao 。(4)de gua -yan cao jian zuo ke shi yan cao sheng chang zhong hou ji gen ji tu rang zhong jian jie dan 、you xiao lin he su xiao jia fu ji 。chan zuo he jian zuo yan tian gen ji tu rang ke pei yang xi jun shu liang sui zhao yan zhu de sheng chang zhu jian jian xiao ;fang xian jun sui zhao yan zhu de sheng chang xian jian shao hou zeng jia ,zai cheng shou ji you shao you jian shao ;zhen jun sui zhao yan zhu de sheng chang xian zeng jia hou jian shao ,chan zuo yan tian zai wang chang ji da dao zui gao ,jian zuo yan tian zai tuan ke ji da dao zui gao 。zai zhen jun shu shui ping shang ,chan zuo yan tian chu xian le liu chong you shi jun ,jian zuo yan tian chu xian le shi chong you shi jun ,jian zuo you li yu you shi jun de sheng chang ,shi de gen ji tu rang wei sheng wu de ou ji jie gou fa sheng gai bian ,gen ji tu rang wei sheng tai jie gou qu yu liang xing 。yan zhu gen ji tu rang wei sheng tai de liang xing fa zhan you li yu yan cao de zheng chang sheng chang ,di gao kang xing ,dui yan cao tu chuan bing hai de fang kong ju you yi ding de xiao guo 。(5)tui an shi yan fa xian ,shi yong sheng wu jun fei he dan hui dan dou ke di gao shang deng yan xie de bi li 、kao yan de chan liang he chan zhi 。lian xu shi yong liang nian de sheng wu jun fei shi yan tian zai shang deng yan bi li he yan cao chan zhi deng fang mian bi shi yong yi nian de sheng wu jun fei shi yan tian fen bie di sheng le 1.00%he 4.2%。zeng ge kao lv jing ji cheng ben he ying yong xiao guo ,jian yi tui an shi fan zui hao cai qu shi yong dan hui dan de chu li 。
论文参考文献
论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自郑州大学的樊祖清，发表于刊物郑州大学2019-07-03论文，是一篇关于调控措施论文,高通量基因测序论文,根际土壤论文,微生物群落结构论文,多样性论文,郑州大学2019-07-03论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自郑州大学2019-07-03论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：调控措施论文; 高通量基因测序论文; 根际土壤论文; 微生物群落结构论文; 多样性论文; 郑州大学2019-07-03论文;