论不可译及不可逆在机器翻译中的应用

论不可译及不可逆在机器翻译中的应用

论文摘要

当今社会,随着全球一体化的加速进行,世界各国间的经贸往来和学术交流日益频繁,大量的文献及资料需要从一种语言转换为另一种语言,在此背景下,传统的人工翻译已经越来越显力不从心,于是人们把目光转向机器翻译。机器翻译,即应用计算机实现从一种语言文本到另一种语言文本的翻译。尽管最初人们对机器翻译寄予厚望,然而由于其本身的复杂性,即学科交叉性、难解性等,机器翻译的瓶颈迟迟不能突破,全自动高质量的文本始终还是机器翻译研究者可望而不可及的目标。究其原因,除技术上的问题外,不合理的使用机器翻译也是造成翻译文本可读性不高的重要因素。现今机器翻译研究中所有文本仅分为文学作品和非文学作品。机器翻译研究者认为文学作品不适合机器来翻译,而非文学作品经机器翻译后可以得到理想的目标文本。然而这些研究者忽略了非文学作品中的文学因素。在对翻译文本经过语言学分析后,结合电脑和人脑处理自然语言的特点,本文作者提出了在现有技术水平下如何提高机器翻译文本质量的新思路。笔者认为,翻译中存在不可译因素,而这些不可译因素又可能导致目标文本不能完全翻译到其源文本,这种现象就是不可逆性。综合不可译性和不可逆性以及机器的特点,笔者认为所有文本均可分为三类:可译又可逆文本;可译但不可逆文本;既不可译又不可逆文本。理论上讲,对于第一类文本,只要其句子结构不是很复杂,机器就可对其进行有效翻译;但对于第二类,机器只能部分翻译;而对于第三类,机器对它无能为力。因此作者建议,要想得到高质量的目标文本,在把源文本输入电脑前,最好先将其分类,适合电脑翻译的,就让电脑翻译,而不适合电脑的则留给人工来翻译。

论文目录

  • 摘要
  • Abstract
  • Chapter 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 The problems
  • 1.1.1 The Problems in Machine-translated Texts
  • 1.1.2 The Problem of MT Research
  • 1.2 Research Question and Objectives
  • 1.2.1 Research Questions
  • 1.2.2 Research Motivations
  • 1.3 Type of Research and Hypothesis
  • 1.3.1 Type of Research
  • 1.3.2 Hypothesis
  • Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework and Literature Review
  • 2.1 Theoretical Framework
  • 2.1.1 Translatability & Untranslatability
  • 2.1.2 Reversibility & Irreversibility
  • 2.1.3 Category Division of The Texts
  • 2.2 Related Literature
  • 2.2.1 Four Phases of MT Development
  • 2.2.2 The Analysis Methods of MT
  • 2.2.3 The Famous MT Softwares
  • 2.2.4 The Basis of Classifying the Text
  • Chapter 3 Method
  • 3.1 Materials
  • 3.2 Design
  • 3.3 Procedure
  • 3.3.1 Untranslatability
  • 3.3.2 Irreversibility
  • 3.3.3 Comparison of Machine and Brain
  • Chapter 4 Results
  • 4.1 Untranslatability
  • 4.1.1 Untranslatbility in Phonology
  • 4.1.2 Untranslatability in Morphology
  • 4.1.3 Untranslatability in Semantics
  • 4.1.4 Untranslatability in Syntax
  • 4.2 Irreversibility
  • 4.2.1 Introduction
  • 4.2.2 The Contents ofΔB
  • Chapter 5 Discussion
  • 5.1 Mathematical proof
  • 5.1.1 ((n→∞)|(lim)) sum from i=1 to n ΔBi→+∞
  • 5.1.2 B+ΔB =A’=A+ΔA
  • 5.2 Comparison of computer and brain on natural language processing
  • 5.2.1 Machine’s Advantages over Translator
  • 5.2.2 Translator’s advantages over machine
  • 5.3 Conclusion
  • Chapter 6 Conclusion
  • 6.1 Summary
  • 6.2 Validity and Reliability
  • 6.3 Limitations and Further Research
  • References
  • Appendix 1
  • Published Paper
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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    论不可译及不可逆在机器翻译中的应用
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