顺应理论视野下的语用失误分析

论文摘要

语用失误是语言学家、社会学家、心理学家、交际学家、外语教师等一直关注的问题。他们从不同的角度作了大量的研究,为进一步的探讨奠定了基础,但在语用失误的定义及研究视角上还存在一些不足。本文从语言学的视角重新界定语用失误,运用顺应理论对交际中的语用失误作系统的分析,并且通过问卷调查,采集第一手资料,针对大专一年级学生和一年级非英语专业研究生作实证研究,揭示顺应理论的解释力,为外语教学提供有益的建议。文章认为:语用失误是指在言语或非言语交际中,由于说话者使用不恰当的话语,或者听话者对话语理解不当,交际达不到预期效果的现象。交际是一个非常复杂的话语过程,说话人和听话人都有义务保证交际的顺利进行。交际者的文化背景不同不是导致语用失误的唯一原因,一些社会变体和认知因素也同样会导致语用失误。Verschueren的顺应理论能够从认知、社会和文化层面系统分析具体交际语境中语用失误产生的原因。在英语教学中,教师应让学生在相关的语境中学习基本语言知识,注重培养学生的语用能力和跨文化交际能力,帮助学生认清语用失误的原因,减少交际失败,建立和谐的人际关系,实现理想的交际效果。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 摘要
• 1. Introduction
• 1.1 Significance of the research
• 1.2 Organization of this thesis
• 2. Literature review
• 2.1 Pragmatic failure in communication
• 2.2 Definitions of pragmatic failure
• 2.2.1 Critical review of pragmatic failure
• 2.2.2 Working definition of pragmatic failure for this thesis
• 2.3 Approaches to pragmatic failure
• 2.3.1 Cross-cultural communication approach
• 2.3.2 Cognitive approach
• 2.3.3 Second language acquisition approach
• 2.3.4 Foreign language teaching approach
• 2.4 Inadequacy of previous studies
• 3. The analysis of pragmatic failure in reference to adaptation theory
• 3.1 Adaptation theory
• 3.2 Adaptation theory and pragmatic failure
• 4. Research design and data analysis
• 4.1 Research design
• 4.1.1 Purposes of the research
• 4.1.2 Research methodology
• 4.1.3 Sources of data
• 4.2 Data analysis
• 4.2.1 The quantitative analysis of the questionnaire
• 4.2.2 The qualitative analysis of the questionnaire
• 4.2.2.1 Failure in adapting to the communicative context
• 4.2.2.1.1 Failure in adapting to the language user
• 4.2.2.1.2 Failure in adapting to the mental world
• 4.2.2.1.3 Failure in adapting to the social world
• 4.2.2.1.4 Failure in adapting to the physical world
• 4.2.2.2 Failure in adapting to linguistic structure
• 4.2.2.2.1 Failure in adapting to sound structure
• 4.2.2.2.2 Failure in adapting to words
• 4.2.2.2.3 Failure in adapting to sentences
• 4.3 Summary
• 5 Implications for foreign language teaching
• 5.1 The importance of cultivating students’ pragmatic competence and intercultural communication competence
• 5.2 Practical suggestions for foreign language teaching
• 6. Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Appendix
• 攻读学位期间取得的研究成果