英语幽默的语用分析

论文摘要

幽默是人类日常生活的调味品,也是人类言语必不可少的一部分。它不仅在多种社会交往中起着改善人际关系的作用,而且已成为个人智慧,魅力和教育的象征。一直以来,幽默引起了许多领域中的学者的关注和兴趣。对幽默的研究已经从心理学、生理学和哲学等传统研究领域扩展到人类学、教育学、美学、社会学等更加广阔的领域和新兴学科中。随着语言学在理论上突飞猛进的发展,语用学为幽默研究提供了更新的视角。然而,到目前为止,从语用学角度对幽默语言进行的研究数量有限。此外,它们大多数只是将语用学的某一个理论(如合作原则)应用于幽默研究。本文基于七个主流语用学理论,对出现在英语会话中的言语幽默进行了较为全面的研究。通过在由合作原则、礼貌原则、面子理论、关联理论、指示语、语用前提以及言语行为理论等构筑的语用学理论框架中对大量的英语幽默语料的分析,本文探讨了幽默生成和理解的语用机制。本文研究发现,当合作原则和礼貌原则的准则被违反,当说话人和听话人的面子需要保护,当指示的自我中心法则被违反并由此产生指示映射现象,当语用前提被取消,或者当言语行为被误解时,就有可能产生幽默效果。而关联理论则为部分英语幽默的阐释提供了有用的理论机制。言语幽默可以满足人们在心理、情感、社会和交际的需求。对幽默的含义及其发生机制的正确理解有助于我们进行有效的外语教学。同时对社会和人际交往也起到一定的推动作用。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 摘要
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Definitions of Humor
• 1.2 Classifications of Humors
• 1.3 Significance of the Present Research
• 1.4 Framework of the Thesis
• Chapter 2 Literature Review
• 2.1 Traditional Theories on Humor
• 2.1.1 Superiority Theory
• 2.1.2 Release Theory
• 2.1.3 Incongruity Theory
• 2.2 Modern Linguistic Theories on Humor
• 2.2.1 Script-based Semantic Theory of Humor
• 2.2.2 General Theory of Verbal Humor
• 2.2.3 Audience-based Theory of Verbal Humor
• Chapter 3 Pragmatic Apparatuses for Humor Production and Interpretation
• 3.1 Cooperative Principle and its Violation
• 3.1.1 Cooperative Principle
• 3.1.2 Humors Created by Flouting the Cooperative Principle
• 3.1.2.1 Flouting the Quantity Maxim
• 3.1.2.2 Flouting the Quality Maxim
• 3.1.2.3 Flouting the Relation Maxim
• 3.1.2.4 Flouting the Manner Maxim
• 3.2 Politeness Principle and its Violation
• 3.2.1 Politeness Principle
• 3.2.2 Humors Created by Flouting the Politeness Principle
• 3.3 Face Theory and its Application
• 3.3.1 Face Theory
• 3.3.2 Application of Face Theory in Humor Production
• 3.3.2.1 Saving the Speaker's Face by Humor
• 3.3.2.2 Saving the Hearer's Face by Humor
• 3.4 Relevance Theory and Humor Interpretation
• 3.4.1 Relevance Theory
• 3.4.2 Humor Interpretation Guided by Relevance Theory
• 3.5 Deictic Egocentricity and Deictic Projection
• 3.5.1 Deictic Egocentricity
• 3.5.2 Deictic Projection and Humor Creation
• 3.6 Presupposition and its Cancellation
• 3.6.1 Presupposition
• 3.6.2 Cancellation of the Presupposition
• 3.7 Speech Acts and Their Misunderstanding
• 3.7.1 Speech Acts
• 3.7.2 Misunderstanding of Speech Acts and Humor Creation
• Chapter 4 Pragmatic Functions of Humors
• 4.1 Psychological and Affective Functions
• 4.2 Social and Interpersonal Functions
• Chapter 5 Practical Application of Humors
• 5.1 Pedagogical Application
• 5.1.1 Pedagogical Significance in EFL Teaching
• 5.1.2 Pedagogical Suggestions
• 5.2 Communicative Application
• 5.2.1 Amusing People and Adorning Life
• 5.2.2 Enhancing Affection and Improving Interpersonal Relationship
• 5.2.3 Defending Self and Criticizing Evils
• Chapter 6 Conclusion
• 6.1 Major findings
• 6.2 Limitations and Suggestions for Future Researches
• Bibliography
• Appendix: Published Papers during Study of M.A