论文摘要
超级电容器是一种新型的能量转换和储存元件,由于具有大容量和高功率密度而备受关注。超级电容器在使用一段时间后,电容值会不断衰减。电容值衰减过快影响超级电容器的性能和缩短其使用寿命。本文以电容器电容的稳定性与降解因素为主要内容展开研究。采用恒电位聚合法在不锈钢电极(SS)上合成得到硫酸(H2SO4)或者对甲基苯磺酸(p-TSA)掺杂的微纳米结构PANI。以PANI修饰的不锈钢电极(SS)为工作电极,饱和甘汞电极(SCE)为参比电极,铂(Pt)电极为对电极,采用三电极体系,用交流阻抗测试和循环伏安法研究了修饰电极的电容行为。考察了PANI掺杂酸种类、PANI膜厚度、循环伏安测试的扫描速度、扫描电位、电解质浓度、电解质种类等因素对电容大小及稳定性的影响。研究结果表明,比电容随着膜厚度的增大先增大后减小,当聚合电量为3.2C/cm2时,得到的比电容最大。比电容随扫描速度的增大先增大后减小,存在一个最佳的扫描速度,H2SO4掺杂体系在50 mV/s时得到的比电容最大。p-TSA掺杂体系在200 mV/s时得到的比电容最大。扫描电位区间显著影响电容器电极的稳定性,过高的扫描电位会造成PANI氧化,比电容迅速衰减。电解质对比电容有重要影响,H2SO4电解质浓度的提高有利于增大比电容,但比电容衰减快;H2SO4介质中加入体积较小的阴离子(例如Br-、ClO4)可以显著提高电容的循环稳定性,但Br-浓度过高会腐蚀不锈钢基体电极,影响电容的稳定性;同浓度的p-TSA、HClO4和H2SO4电解质中,在p-TSA中的稳定性最好,H2SO4中的最差;当p-TSA作电解质时,在所研究的浓度范围内,p-TSA掺杂聚合的PANI/SS的稳定性随着p-TSA浓度的增大而提高。混合电解质中各种酸均参与PANI的掺杂/脱掺杂反应,在混合电解质中的电容稳定性介于参与混合的两种酸之间。总体来说,p-TSA掺杂的PANI比H2SO4掺杂的PANI有更加优越的电容特性。
论文目录
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