从《红楼梦》及两译本看言语幽默与会话含义

论文摘要

幽默在我们的日常生活中几乎无处不在。它往往是通过语言的巧妙运用,尤其是对修辞格的巧妙使用来达到制笑并产生娱乐的目的,因此修辞格实际上己成为幽默的有效载体,同时,这些修辞格也通过违反合作原则中某个或几个准则而产生特殊会话含义。在英语和汉语中有很多修辞格共同充当幽默载体。.古典名著《红楼梦》,自问世以来,一直广受欢迎。它的两个全译本,即戴维·霍克斯与约翰·闵福德翻译的The Story of the Stone和杨宪益、戴乃迭夫妇翻译的A Dream of Red Mansion相继面世后,随即出现了大量《红楼梦》对比研究和翻译的文章。《红楼梦》中人物对话里幽默语段很多,作者在运用幽默语段刻画人物性格、揭示人物内心世界方面,匠心独运,很有特点。然而,迄今为止,几乎没有从会话含义角度对原文与译本的言语幽默进行研究。本文重点介绍了Grice的合作原则,并结合Leech的礼貌原则和准则及Brown & Levinson的面子理论对会话含义理论进行了阐述,为分析会话含义提供了清晰的理论框架和研究工具。尽管现在语用学界对合作原则提出了很多异议,但是有礼貌原则和面子理论的补充,在分析言语幽默中的幽默效果产生方面,合作原则仍然是一种最有效的语用原则。本文以引起幽默的修辞格为语言标识,从《红楼梦》(前80回)原文中筛选出幽默会话语料并找出两译本中相应译文构建数据库,通过对数据的分析和对比来研究言语幽默,试图回答以下几个问题:(1)原文的幽默效果是否在译文中再现;(2)原文的会话含义是否在译文中体现出来;(3)能否以会话含义为指导来提高幽默翻译的效果,通过两译本中言语幽默的译例进行对比与分析,探讨了两位译者的翻译策略,考察幽默效果是否有效传递。由于本文分析思路是在幽默研究上的一次新的尝试,必然存在很多不足之处,有待于进一步研究。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Motivation of the research
• 1.2 Significance of the research
• 1.3 Research methodology
• 1.4 Structure of the thesis
• Chapter Two Literature Review
• 2.1 Definition and essence of humor
• 2.2 Classification of humor
• 2.3 Humor research abroad
• 2.3.1 Traditional theory
• 2.3.2 Linguistic theory on humor
• 2.4 Humor researches at home
• 2.5 Rhetorical devices and humor triggers
• Chapter Three Theoretical Framework
• 3.1 The CP and the Conversational Implicature
• 3.1.1 Maxims of the CP
• 3.1.2 Violation of maxims and Conversational Implicature
• 3.1.2.1 The violation of the Quantity maxim
• 3.1.2.2 The violation of the Quality maxim
• 3.1.2.3 The violation of the Relevance maxim
• 3.1.2.4 The violation of the Manner maxim
• 3.2 Leech’s Politeness Principle
• 3.3 The Face Theory
• 3.4 Conversational Implicature under the above-mentioned theories
• Chapter Four Data Collection and Data Analysis
• 4.1 Data collection
• 4.1.1 Hong Lou Meng and its English versions
• 4.1.2 Definition of verbal humor in extracting data
• 4.1.3 Rhetorical devices as linguistic markers for extracting data
• 4.1.4 Verbal humor in HLM
• 4.2 Data analysis of verbal humor in the light of Conversational Implicature
• 4.2.1 Implicature by violating the Quality maxim
• 4.2.1.1 Irony
• 4.2.1.2 Metaphor
• 4.2.1.3 Hyperbole
• 4.2.1.4 Simile
• 4.2.2 Implicature by violating the Quantity maxim
• 4.2.2.1 Repetition
• 4.2.3 Implicature by violating the Manner maxim
• 4.2.3.1 Parody
• 4.2.3.2 Pun
• 4.2.4 Implicature by violating the Relevance maxim
• 4.2.4.1 Allusions
• 4.2.4.2 Anticlimax
• Chapter Five Implications for Humor Translation
• 5.1 Untranslatability & translatability of humor
• 5.2 Analysis of strategies by Yang and Hawkes
• 5.2.1 Literal translation
• 5.2.2 Paraphrase
• 5.2.3 Adaptation
• 5.2.3.1 Adaptation by changing image
• 5.2.3.2 Adaptation by amplification
• 5.2.3.3 Adaptation by using equivalents
• 5.2.4 Omission
• 5.2.5 Transliteration
• 5.2.6 Annotation
• 5.2.6.1 Transliteration plus Annotation
• 5.2.6.2 Literal Translation plus Annotation
• 5.3 Suggested strategies for humor translation
• 5.3.1 Literal translation
• 5.3.2 Substitution
• 5.3.3 Conversion of images
• Chapter Six Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Appendix I
• Appendix II
• Acknowledgements