α-淀粉酶抑制剂的提取、分离及性质研究

α-淀粉酶抑制剂的提取、分离及性质研究

论文摘要

α-淀粉酶抑制剂(α-amylase inhibitor)是一类能抑制消化道中糖类吸收的物质的统称,它是通过抑制和降低肠道内唾液淀粉酶及胰淀粉酶的活性,阻碍食物中碳水化合物的水解和消化,从而达到减少人体对糖分的摄取,降低人体血液中糖、脂含量的目的。目前,α-淀粉酶抑制剂在医药和农业等领域具有广泛的用途。临床医学上它是防治糖尿病、高血糖、高血脂等病的良好药物;农业上,可将淀粉酶抑制剂基因作为抗虫基因,或者将其制成生物农药;在酶学研究方面,它可作为探究α-淀粉酶活性部位的分析工具或测定α-淀粉酶同工酶的反应物。因此,α-淀粉酶抑制剂应用前景十分广阔。本实验以白芸豆和小麦麸皮为原料提取分离纯化α-淀粉酶抑制剂,对其工艺条件进行了研究。结果表明:小麦麸皮∶水= 1∶8(100g小麦麸皮,800mL纯净水),浸泡时间2h,添加0.2mol/L的NaCl助溶,并以70%硫酸铵沉淀蛋白,再经超滤膜和冷冻干燥处理,最终得到2.072g粉末,总蛋白含量201mg,比活力为103U/mg,总抑制活力为20720U,收率为41.74%。该抑制剂在pH4-11时较稳定;在80℃下作用30min酶活性丧失10%左右。白芸豆:水=1:8(100g白芸豆,800mL纯净水),24h浸泡过夜,粉碎搅拌4h,添加0.2mol/L的NaCl助溶,得出1.84g干燥样品,配置成浓度为5mg/ml的溶液,比活力为22.2U/mg,总活力为33488U,最终抑制收率为71.9%。该抑制剂在pH3-10时较稳定,80℃下相对稳定。SDS凝胶电泳测定得出,麸皮α-AI得到三条蛋白质条带,分子量分别是33kD,30kD,26kD;白芸豆α-AI得到两条蛋白质条带,分子量分别为35kD,30kD。对两种α-淀粉酶抑制剂抑制动力学试验表明:小麦麸皮α-淀粉酶抑制剂对α-淀粉酶的抑制类型为混合非竞争性抑制类型,抑制常数为3.47mg/mL;白芸豆α-淀粉酶抑制剂对α-淀粉酶的抑制属于不可逆抑制。本实验还做了较大规模的小麦麸皮中α-淀粉酶抑制剂的提取,为今后工厂化生产提取提供前期基础数据。

论文目录

  • 摘要
  • ABSTRACT
  • 第一章 前言
  • 1.1 国内外研究概况
  • 1.2 α-淀粉酶抑制剂的来源及种类
  • 1.3 理化特性及动力学性质
  • 1.4 α-AI 作用机制研究
  • 1.5 α-AI 的应用前景
  • 1.5.1 在临床医学方面
  • 1.5.2 在农业方面
  • 1.6 本课题的研究目的、意义及主要研究内容
  • 第二章 实验材料、设备与分析方法
  • 2.1 实验材料
  • 2.2 实验设备
  • 2.3 分析方法
  • 2.3.1 α-淀粉酶抑制剂提取方法
  • 2.3.2 淀粉酶抑制剂活性的测定方法
  • 2.3.3 抑制活力的定义
  • 2.3.4 蛋白含量的测定
  • 2.3.5 α-淀粉酶抑制剂的纯化方法
  • 2.3.6 温度对α-淀粉酶抑制剂的抑制活性影响
  • 2.3.7 pH 对α-淀粉酶抑制剂的抑制活性影响
  • 2.3.8 金属离子对α-淀粉酶抑制剂的抑制活性影响
  • 2.3.9 α-淀粉酶抑制剂分子量的测定方法
  • 2.3.10 α-淀粉酶抑制剂抑制动力学研究方法
  • 第三章 α-淀粉酶抑制剂制备工艺
  • 3.1 标准曲线的制备
  • 3.1.1 淀粉浓度标准曲线
  • 3.1.2 蛋白浓度标准曲线
  • 3.2 α-淀粉酶抑制剂的粗提取
  • 3.2.1 小麦麸皮α-淀粉酶抑制剂的粗提取
  • 3.2.2 白芸豆α-淀粉酶抑制剂的粗提取
  • 3.3 α-淀粉酶抑制剂的纯化
  • 3.3.1 葡聚糖凝胶的处理、装柱及平衡
  • 3.3.2.D EAE-纤维素的处理及装柱
  • 3.3.3 CM 纤维素离子柱层析
  • 3.3.4 SephadexG-75 凝胶柱层析
  • 第四章 α-淀粉酶抑制剂的性质研究
  • 4.1 α-淀粉酶抑制剂活性主要影响因素
  • 4.1.1 温度对α-淀粉酶抑制剂的抑制活性影响
  • 4.1.2 pH 对α-淀粉酶抑制剂的抑制活性影响
  • 4.1.3 金属离子对α-淀粉酶抑制剂的抑制活性影响
  • 4.2 α-淀粉酶抑制剂分子量的测定
  • 4.3 α-淀粉酶抑制剂抑制动力学研究
  • 4.3.1 酶反应动力学进程曲线的制作和最适酶量的确定
  • m和最大反应速率Vmax 的测定'>4.3.2 米氏常数Km和最大反应速率Vmax的测定
  • 4.3.3 α-AI 对α-淀粉酶的抑制类型
  • 4.3.4 可逆抑制类型及抑制常数
  • 第五章 α-淀粉酶抑制剂扩大化提取试验
  • 5.1 实验设备
  • 5.2 实验试剂
  • 5.3 工艺流程及收率
  • 第六章 结论与展望
  • 参考文献
  • 科研情况说明
  • 致谢
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