论文摘要
α-淀粉酶抑制剂(α-amylase inhibitor)是一类能抑制消化道中糖类吸收的物质的统称,它是通过抑制和降低肠道内唾液淀粉酶及胰淀粉酶的活性,阻碍食物中碳水化合物的水解和消化,从而达到减少人体对糖分的摄取,降低人体血液中糖、脂含量的目的。目前,α-淀粉酶抑制剂在医药和农业等领域具有广泛的用途。临床医学上它是防治糖尿病、高血糖、高血脂等病的良好药物;农业上,可将淀粉酶抑制剂基因作为抗虫基因,或者将其制成生物农药;在酶学研究方面,它可作为探究α-淀粉酶活性部位的分析工具或测定α-淀粉酶同工酶的反应物。因此,α-淀粉酶抑制剂应用前景十分广阔。本实验以白芸豆和小麦麸皮为原料提取分离纯化α-淀粉酶抑制剂,对其工艺条件进行了研究。结果表明:小麦麸皮∶水= 1∶8(100g小麦麸皮,800mL纯净水),浸泡时间2h,添加0.2mol/L的NaCl助溶,并以70%硫酸铵沉淀蛋白,再经超滤膜和冷冻干燥处理,最终得到2.072g粉末,总蛋白含量201mg,比活力为103U/mg,总抑制活力为20720U,收率为41.74%。该抑制剂在pH4-11时较稳定;在80℃下作用30min酶活性丧失10%左右。白芸豆:水=1:8(100g白芸豆,800mL纯净水),24h浸泡过夜,粉碎搅拌4h,添加0.2mol/L的NaCl助溶,得出1.84g干燥样品,配置成浓度为5mg/ml的溶液,比活力为22.2U/mg,总活力为33488U,最终抑制收率为71.9%。该抑制剂在pH3-10时较稳定,80℃下相对稳定。SDS凝胶电泳测定得出,麸皮α-AI得到三条蛋白质条带,分子量分别是33kD,30kD,26kD;白芸豆α-AI得到两条蛋白质条带,分子量分别为35kD,30kD。对两种α-淀粉酶抑制剂抑制动力学试验表明:小麦麸皮α-淀粉酶抑制剂对α-淀粉酶的抑制类型为混合非竞争性抑制类型,抑制常数为3.47mg/mL;白芸豆α-淀粉酶抑制剂对α-淀粉酶的抑制属于不可逆抑制。本实验还做了较大规模的小麦麸皮中α-淀粉酶抑制剂的提取,为今后工厂化生产提取提供前期基础数据。
论文目录
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