论文摘要
自从1965年扎德的模糊集合论问世以来,就有许多研究著作对模糊这一现象从哲学角度,心理学角度,语义学角度,语用学等角度进行了广泛的研究。在中国,模糊作为语言学研究的重要领域也进行了广泛的讨论和研究。但是相比之下,从语用学角度研究商务谈判中的模糊语言还很少,还有待于进一步的探索。商务谈判是一个涉及诸多方面内容的复杂过程。为了避免误解和不便,人们普遍认为商务谈判中的语言应该是准确的,而不是模糊不清的。可事实恰恰相反,模糊语言确实广泛存在于商务谈判中。怎样来解释这种现象呢?作者通过大量的例子,发现谈判人员在谈判过程中使用模糊语言是为了达到一定的交际目的,即增强谈判语言的灵活性;传达适当的信息量;增强说服力;自我保护以及礼貌功能。通过定性和描述分析的方法,并借助格莱斯的合作原则及列文森和布朗的面子理论,作者进一步对商务谈判中的模糊语言进行语用角度的分析和研究。查奈尔在她的书中曾说道,“模糊语言可以更好的帮助说话人遵守合作原则;同样模糊语言也经常被用来违反合作原则。”在本研究中,作者发现一方面通过使用模糊语言可以更好的遵守合作原则从而使谈判顺利的进行;另一方面,谈判人员利用模糊语言违反合作原则来表达某些暗含的意图。另外,从面子理论的角度分析,模糊语也是一种礼貌策略。通过使用模糊语,起到保护说话人和听话人面子的作用,从而有助于保持融洽的谈判气氛。综上所述,商务谈判中的模糊语应该得到人们的重视。作者希望此项研究不仅对模糊语的进一步研究有一定的意义,而且对谈判人员有一定的启示,即合理的使用模糊语言有助于谈判的顺利进行和谈判目标的实现。
论文目录
Abstract摘要Introduction1. Literature review1.1 Clarification of some related terms1.1.1 Vagueness versus fuzziness1.1.2 Vagueness versus generality1.1.3 Vagueness versus ambiguity1.2 Historical overview of vagueness researches1.2.1 Philosophically-oriented1.2.2 Psychologically-oriented1.2.3 Semantically-oriented1.2.4 Pragmatically-oriented1.3 Account of negotiation1.3.1 Definition of negotiation1.3.2 Classification of negotiation1.3.3 Stages of business negotiation (BN)1.4 Previous studies of business negotiation2. Theoretical framework of the study2.1 Cooperative principle2.2 Politeness theories2.2.1 Lakoff’s theory of politeness2.2.2 Leech’s politeness principles2.2.3 Brown and Levinson’s face theory3. Elaboration of vagueness in business negotiation3.1 Reasons for the existence of vagueness in business negotiation3.2 Pragmatic realization of vagueness in business negotiation3.2.1 Vague words3.2.2 Hedges3.2.3 Syntactic vagueness3.3 Pragmatic functions of vagueness in business negotiation3.3.1 Being flexible3.3.2 Giving the right amount of information3.3.3 Being persuasive3.3.4 Self-protection3.3.5 Being polite4. Application of cooperative principle to vagueness in business negotiation4.1 Quality maxim and vagueness4.1.1 Observation of quality maxim by vagueness4.1.2 Violation of quality maxim by vagueness4.2 Quantity maxim and vagueness4.2.1 Observation of quantity maxim by vagueness4.2.2 Violation of quantity maxim by vagueness4.3 Relevance maxim and vagueness4.3.1 Observation of relevance maxim by vagueness4.3.2 Violation of relevance maxim by vagueness4.4 Manner maxim and vagueness4.4.1 Observation of manner maxim by vagueness4.4.2 Violation of manner maxim by vagueness5. Application of face theory to vagueness in business negotiation5.1 Vagueness and politeness5.2 Hearer’s face and vagueness in business negotiation5.2.1 Hearer’s positive face5.2.2 Hearer’s negative face5.3 Speaker’s face and vagueness in business negotiation5.4 Both speaker and hearer’s faceConclusionBibliographyAcknowledgements
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标签:模糊论文; 语用学论文; 商务谈判论文; 合作原则论文; 面子理论论文;