两种听力测试题型:长对话和短对话的考试过程的比较

两种听力测试题型:长对话和短对话的考试过程的比较

论文摘要

听力理解是语言学习的核心部分,然而也是最晚被了解和研究的部分。随着大学英语考试改革的深化,全国英语四级考试听力部分在原有短对话题型的基础上新增了长对话题型。本论文采用追诉法分析考生答题时的思维过程,对长短对话这两种题型的考试过程进行了对比研究。本研究运用Buck提出的听力能力理论框架,将听力能力分为语言能力(language competence)和策略能力(strategic competence)两大类,其中语言能力包括语法知识(grammatical knowledge),语篇知识(discourse knowledge),语用知识(pragmatic knowledge)及社会语言知识(sociolinguistic knowledge);策略能力包括认知策略(cognitive strategy)和元认知策略(metacognitive strategy)。本文通过对考生口头汇报的分析,针对以下三个问题进行了深入研究:1)受试在长短对话中分别运用了哪些语言能力?2)受试在长短对话中分别运用了哪些与听力能力有关的策略?3)受试在长短对话中运用了哪些与听力能力无关的策略?本试验的测量工具为节选自2008年6月四级听力试题的长对话及短对话题目组成的听力试卷,选取了四名上海电机学院非英语专业二年级的学生参加该研究,他们对试卷进行了作答,笔者随即通过追述法记录下来其考试过程中的思维活动。通过对受试录音文字的分析,本研究得出以下几方面的发现:1)受试在长短对话考试过程中均使用了语法知识及话语知识;均未使用语用知识和社会语言知识。受试在短对话中更加依赖语法知识,而在长对话中则更依赖语篇知识。2)受试在短对话中运用了推测(inferencing),精加工(elaboration)策略和自我监控(self-monitoring)策略;长对话考试过程中除了运用推测和精加工策略之外,还运用了选择性注意(selective attention)策略,预先组织(advanced organization)策略和记笔记策略。3)受试在两种考试过程中还运用了一些与听力能力无关的策略。受试在长对话考试过程中听到与选择相同的词句时直接选出答案,而通过口头汇报分析证明其并不理解词句的意义,导致试题无法准确测试其听力能力。而短对话中的选项并未出现这种现象。经过对两种考试过程的对比分析,本研究得出结论:受试在长对话考试过程中运用了包含更为丰富的微技能的听力能力,因此长对话题型具有更高的结构效度,从而对听力教学能产生积极的反拨作用。

论文目录

  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
  • LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
  • ABBREVIATIONS
  • ABSTRACT
  • 摘要
  • Chapter One Introduction
  • 1.1 Rationale of the study
  • 1.2 Research Questions
  • 1.3 Organization of the thesis
  • Chapter Two Literature Review
  • 2.1 Listening comprehension
  • 2.1.1 The nature of listening comprehension
  • 2.1.2 Processes of listening comprehension
  • 2.1.3 Factors influencing listening comprehension
  • 2.2 Constructs in listening comprehension
  • 2.2.1 The definition of construct
  • 2.2.2 Framework of the listening constructs
  • 2.2.3 Listening comprehension strategy
  • 2.3 Development of testing of listening comprehension
  • 2.4 Introduction to LC and SC in CET
  • 2.4.1 College English Test
  • 2.4.2 Long Conversation and Short Conversation
  • Chapter Three Methodology
  • 3.1 Research Questions
  • 3.2 Participants
  • 3.3 Instruments
  • 3.3.1 The listening comprehension test
  • 3.3.2 Retrospection
  • 3.4 Data analysis
  • Chapter Four Findings and Discussions
  • 4.1 Language competence applied in test-taking processes of SC & LC
  • 4.1.1 Pragmatic knowledge and sociolinguistic knowledge
  • 4.1.2 Grammatical knowledge and discourse knowledge
  • 4.1.3 Construct-irrelevant knowledge
  • 4.2 Strategic competence applied in test-taking processes of SC & LC
  • 4.2.1 Cognitive strategy
  • 4.2.2 Metacognitive strategy
  • 4.3 Employment of construct-irrelevant strategy - superficial matching
  • 4.4 Summary
  • Chapter Five Conclusions
  • 5.1 Findings of the present study
  • 5.2 Limitations and suggestions
  • Bibliography
  • Appendix 1 Test paper
  • Appendix 2 Listening script
  • Appendix 3 Protocols of the subjects
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    两种听力测试题型:长对话和短对话的考试过程的比较
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