新闻语篇中介词in的认知研究

新闻语篇中介词in的认知研究

论文摘要

本研究以认知语言学为基础,从方位隐喻角度对介词in的空间意义和非空间意义的频率分布进行分析,主要围绕以下研究问题:1.介词in的空间意义和非空间意义在新闻语篇中是如何分布的?2.介词in的隐喻映射过程中涉及了哪一些目标域及其分布频率?3.隐喻映射过程的普遍特征是什么?本研究的理论框架是基于概念隐喻,容器隐喻,原型理论和意象图式理论观点构建的。鉴于新闻语料的叙述性与描述性,本研究在英国国家语料库(简称BNC)的笔语语料库的新闻语料中,随机选取了500条含有in的句子进行分析,其中有效数据共458条。本研究通过分析得出:1.在所有语料中,非空间意义出现频率最高,占66.59%;空间意义占33.41%,表明英语中in的使用有较明显的喻化倾向。该数据从一定程度上支持了莱考夫和约翰逊等语言学家关于“我们的语言根本上是隐喻性的”的论断。2.介词in空间意义有两种:三维的空间意义(within-a-volume)和二维的地区意义(within-an-area),前者为其典型的空间意义。但在本研究中,后者的使用频率(85.62%)却大大高于前者(14.38%)。该数据表明词汇意义的选择可能与语篇类型相关。由于新闻主要关注发生在不同地区的各种事件,所以介词in的within-an-area意义就用得比较多。3.介词in的空间意象图式主要依次映射在时间、范围、状态、方式、时间及活动等六个隐喻域中。统计数据表明in在时间域中投射得最多,为全部数据的28.20%,其次是在范围域中,占27.21%,再次是在状态域中,比例为14.75%,在方式域中所占比例为10.49%,而在事件域及活动域中所占比例接近,分别是9.84%和9.51%。这一结果印证了莱考夫和约翰逊提出的时间域是发生映射最多的一个域。4.本研究的结果表明隐喻隐射是建立在人类的生活体验和心理联想基础上的。介词in的各种意义是连贯的、系统的、而非孤立的。本研究对英语词汇教学有一定的启发意义,在英语词汇教学过程中应该注意以下几个方面的问题:1.教师要尽可能地指导学生学习词汇隐喻意义产生的认知机制及其过程,以达到帮助他们加深对词汇意义的理解及记忆的目的。2.学习者要提高从认知角度学习词汇的意识。以介词in为例,学习者要掌握其空间意义和隐喻意义;不仅要记忆词汇的不同意义,更重要的是要理解不同意义之间的联系。本研究的局限是语料数量还不够丰富,对介词in的分析带有一定的主观性及片面性。

论文目录

  • Acknowledgements
  • Abstract
  • 中文摘要
  • List of Figures and Tables
  • Chapter One Introduction
  • 1.1 General description of the study
  • 1.2 Need and significance for the study
  • 1.3 Overall structure of the thesis
  • Chapter Two Literature Review
  • 2.1 Definitions of some key terms
  • 2.1.1 Prepositions
  • 2.1.2 Polysemy
  • 2.1.3 Metaphor and spatial metaphor
  • 2.1.4 Metaphorical mapping
  • 2.1.5 Source domain and target domain
  • 2.2 Theoretical foundations for the study
  • 2.2.1 Conceptual Metaphor and Metaphorical Concept
  • 2.2.2 The prototype theory
  • 2.2.3 Image Schema theory
  • 2.2.4 Container metaphor
  • 2.3 Review of previous studies
  • 2.3.1 Metaphor Study: Four Influential Views
  • 2.3.1.1 The Substitution View
  • 2.3.1.2 The Comparison View
  • 2.3.1.3 The Interaction View
  • 2.3.1.4 The Cognitive View
  • 2.3.2 Studies of prepositions both at home and abroad
  • 2.3.3 Studies of the preposition in both at home and abroad
  • Chapter Three Methodology
  • 3.1 Research Questions
  • 3.2 Description of the materials
  • 3.3 Data collection and analyzing procedures
  • Chapter Four Results and Discussion
  • 4.1 The general picture of the frequency distributions of in with its spatial and non-spatial meanings
  • 4.2 Frequency distributions and cognitive analysis of the spatial meanings of in
  • 4.2.1 Frequency distributions of the spatial meanings of in
  • 4.2.2 Cognitive analysis of the spatial meanings of in
  • 4.3 Distributions and analysis of non-spatial meanings of in
  • 4.3.1 Distributions of non-spatial meanings of in and the target domains involved
  • 4.3.2 Cognitive analysis of the non-spatial meanings of in
  • 4.3.2.1 The domain of Time
  • 4.3.2.2 The domain of Scope
  • 4.3.2.3 The domain of State
  • 4.3.2.4 The domain of Manner
  • 4.3.2.5 The domain of Events
  • 4.3.2.6 The domain of Activities
  • Chapter Five Conclusion
  • 5.1 Major findings
  • 5.2 Pedagogical implications
  • 5.3 Limitations and suggestions
  • References
  • 攻读学位期间发表的论文
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    新闻语篇中介词in的认知研究
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