用户视角下英语高阶学习词典中百科信息的设置

论文摘要

由于科技迅速发展,高科技产品和技术已融入大众生活,大量科技术语也成为日常用语。各学习词典尽管服务对象不同,但都会收录百科信息。词典真实地描述某一语言或几种语言。词典在记录语言时,除了要收录描述语言的信息外,还要收入描述客观世界的信息,也就是百科信息。词典是外语学习时的重要工具。词典编纂实践中,并没有统一标准来衡量收入百科信息的数量及方式。本文试图探究下列问题：1)百科信息在大脑中如何表征?2)各学习词典在对待百科信息方面有何特点?3)如何设置百科信息才能更好地帮助外语学习者,尤其是中国的外语学习者?为了达到上述研究目的,笔者从认识论出发探讨知识的表征结构,利用问卷调查了解英语学习者对百科信息的需求,并对“五巨头”学习词典处理百科信息方式比较。本文主要研究结果总结如下：首先,学习一门语言有必要学习该语言所反映的文化及相关百科信息,因此有必要在学习词典里收录百科信息。学习词典收录的百科信息是那些已经进入社会公共语言并稳定下来的词汇其次,问卷调查结果显示,多数受试者经常遇到或查询百科信息,而学习词典对百科信息的设置并不理想。问卷还反映出释义与例证相结合的方式更有助于外语学习。第三,比较发现,“五巨头”在处理百科信息时均存在不同程度的问题,主要表现在漏收、及不全面提供百科信息。以上结果说明学习词典处理百科信息方面存在不足。只有通过优化处理,才能更好的服务于中国外语学习者。基于本文测试结果,文章最后提出一个模式以优化百科信息的设置。该模式基于认知心理学理论,符合知识的心理表征结构,对学习词典处理百科信息提出四步走策略,并将释义与例证相结合以期望更好的帮助中国英语学习者。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 摘要
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Rationale of the present study
• 1.2 Current situation of relevant researches
• 1.2.1 Current researches on learner's needs for encyclopedic information
• 1.2.2 Current researches on strategies of encyclopedic information inclusion
• 1.2.3 Existing insufficiencies
• 1.3 Objective of the present study
• 1.4 Research methodology
• 1.4.1 Methodology of the present study
• 1.4.2 Terminology of the present study
• 1.4.3 Data of the present study
• 1.5 Structure of the thesis
• Chapter 2 Word Meaning:Linguistic and Encyclopedic Information
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Different types of dictionaries concerned
• 2.2.1 General dictionary and specialized dictionary
• 2.2.2 Language dictionary and pedagogical dictionary
• 2.2.3 Learner's dictionary
• 2.2.4 Encyclopedia and encyclopedic dictionary
• 2.3 Working definition of encyclopedic information
• 2.3.1 Encyclopedic entries
• 2.3.2 Encyclopedic information
• 2.4 Semantic Analysis of Word Meaning
• 2.4.1 Semantic Triangle
• 2.4.2 Referential Theory（Denotational theory）
• 2.4.3 Necessary and Sufficient Conditions
• 2.4.4 Family Resemblance
• 2.4.5 Prototype Theory
• 2.5 Changing of word meaning
• 2.5.1 Conventionalization of word meaning
• 2.5.2 Patterns of word meaning change
• 2.6 Development of English vocabulary
• 2.6.1 Rapid developments of science and technology
• 2.6.2 Changes of society, economy, and politics
• 2.6.3 Influences from other cultures and languages
• 2.6.4 Modes of vocabulary development
• 2.6.5 Differences and similarities
• 2.7 Summary
• Chapter 3 Encyclopedic Information in English Advanced Learner's Dictionary
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Significance
• 3.3 Relation of linguistic and encyclopedic information
• 3.4 The necessity to incorporate encyclopedic information into learner's dictionaries
• 3.4.1 Needs from dictionary market
• 3.4.2 Characteristics of native and foreign learners
• 3.4.3 Needs from learners
• 3.5 Encyclopedic information tradition in English learner's dictionary
• 3.5.1 Encyclopedic information treatment in dictionaries of British tradition
• 3.5.2 Encyclopedic information treatment in dictionaries of American tradition
• 3.6 An empirical study
• 3.6.1 Previous findings
• 3.6.2 Purposes of the empirical study
• 3.6.3 Design of the questionnaire
• 3.6.4 Selection of informants
• 3.6.5 Data analysis of the questionnaire
• 3.6.6 Implications of the questionnaire
• 3.7 Summary
• Chapter 4 Main Strategies Used for Encyclopedic Information Treatment in English Advanced Learner's Dictionaries
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 A Comparison of encyclopedic information treatment in the "Big Five"
• 4.2.1 Subject scope of encyclopedic information included in the"Big Five"
• 4.2.2 Cultural aspect of the encyclopedic information included in the "Big Five"
• 4.2.3 Summary
• 4.3 Encyclopedic words in the "Big Five"——A Case study
• 4.3.1 Result of the comparison
• 4.3.2 A case study of selected encyclopedic entries
• 4.4 Summary
• Chapter 5 A Proposed Model for Encyclopedic Information Treatment
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Theories on Spreading Activation Model
• 5.2.1 Theory of Mental Lexicon"
• 5.2.2 Theory of Spreading Activation Model
• 5.3 A proposed model for encyclopedic information treatment
• 5.3.1 Introduction
• 5.3.2 Chief steps for the proposed model
• 5.4 Summary
• Chapter 6 Conclusion
• 6.1 Major findings
• 6.2 Implications of the present research
• 6.3 Limitations of the present research
• 6.4 Suggestions for furher research
• 附录
• Bibliography
• Papers Published During 2007-2010