对美国经济新闻报道中评价语言的批评性分析 ——基于评价理论

论文摘要

本文通过综合运用批评语篇分析中费克劳的三维理论框架和马丁的评价理论对美国媒体对中国经济和环境的报道进行分析,研究美国媒体经济新闻报道中评价资源的特点,其使用频率,及分布情况,从而从探讨语言背后的意识形态。本文选取了美国《纽约时报》发表的十篇关于中国经济发展和环境污染的系列报道。作者根据评价理论,系统地对经济新闻报道中的态度资源,介入资源,级差资源进行详细分析,旨在发现评价资源的特点,探讨语篇反映的民族意识形态。研究得出结论是:一,美国新闻在报道中国经济问题时存在大量评价语言,其中负面评价语言多于正面评价语言。二,在态度系统中,运用了大量鉴赏系统和判断系统,情感系统则少量出现。态度资源中大部分是负面资源,并处于强语势的级差系统中。三,在介入系统中,外声资源与对话开放资源的数量在报道中普遍多于内声资源与封闭性资源的使用。外声资源与对话开放资源用以表达文章的客观性及声援。内声资源与封闭性资源用作说服读者并表达出文章的主观性从而实现新闻评论的语篇功能。四,在级差系统中,多数负面态度资源和介入资源都处于强语势,正面评价资源处于弱语势一端。五,评价语言在美国经济新闻报道中具有非常重要的社会意识形态功能。批评语言学家费克劳强调语言与意识形态,及语言和权力的关系。本文通过分析评价语言探讨出美国新闻对中国经济和环境问题的负面评价,反映出美国对中国发展的敌视和反感。作为一项尝试性研究,本文有以下理论意义和实践意义。第一,本文结合费克劳的三维理论框架和马丁的评价理论,丰富了传统的以功能语法三大元语言功能为主的批评语篇分析工具,拓展了批评语篇分析的理论范围。第二,本文有助于英语学习者更好得了解美国经济新闻报道中的评价用语和西方媒体对华的意识形态。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Contents
• List of Figures and Tables
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 General Statement
• 1.2 Rationale for the Present Study
• 1.2.1 Motivation of the Present Study
• 1.2.2 Reasons for Adopting the Perspective of CDA and Evaluation
• 1.2.3 Significance of the present study
• 1.3 Research Design
• 1.3.1 Research Questions
• 1.3.2 Data Collection and Approaches to Data Analysis
• 1.4 Organization of the Thesis
• Chapter 2 Literature Review
• 2.1 Overview
• 2.2 Studies on News Discourse
• 2.2.1 Definitions of News
• 2.2.2 Critical Analysis of News Discourse
• 2.2.3 Critical Analysis of News Discourse in China
• 2.2.4 Evaluative Analysis of News Discourse
• 2.3 Studies on Evaluation
• 2.3.1 Different Terms on Evaluation
• 2.3.2 Different Perspectives on the Study of Evaluation
• 2.3.3 Development of Appraisal Theory
• 2.3.4 Evaluative Study in China
• 2.4 Enlightenment from Literature Review
• Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework
• 3.1 Overview
• 3.2 Fairclough's Three-Dimensional Model for CDA
• 3.3 Martin's Appraisal Theory
• 3.3.1 Reason for Adopting Appraisal Theory
• 3.3.2 An Overview of Appraisal Theory
• 3.4 A Conceptual Theoretical Framework for Present Study
• Chapter 4 Data Analysis and Discussion
• 4.1 Overview
• 4.2 Analysis of Evaluation Systems in Economic News Reports
• 4.2.1 Analysis of Evaluation in the Headline
• 4.2.2 Analysis of Attitude System in Economic News Reports
• 4.2.3 Analysis of Engagement System in Economic News Reports
• 4.2.4 Analysis of Graduation System in Economic News Reports
• 4.3 Features of Evaluation Systems in Economic News Reports
• 4.3.1 Features of Attitude System
• 4.3.2 Features of Engagement System
• 4.3.3 Features of Graduation System
• 4.4 Distribution of Evaluation in Economic News Reports
• 4.4.1 Distribution of Attitudinal Resources in Economic News Reports
• 4.4.2 Distribution of Engagement Resources in Economic News Reports
• 4.4.3 Distribution of Graduation Resources in Economic News Reports
• 4.5 Analyzing Evaluation and Ideology
• 4.5.1 Relation between Language and Ideology
• 4.5.2 Evaluation and Ideology
• 4.5.3 Ideology Underlined in Economic News Reports
• Chapter 5 Conclusion
• 5.1 Overview
• 5.2 Summary of Major Findings
• 5.3 Implications of the Present Study
• 5.3.1 Implication for English News Teaching
• 5.3.2 Implication for the Theoretical Improvement
• 5.4 Limitations and Suggestions for Further Study
• Bibliography
• Acknowledgements
• Appendix