运用语用原则对英汉文学作品对话的会话含义分析

论文摘要

会话隐含(Conversational lmplicature)是由美国语言哲学家格赖斯(H. P. Grice)提出。他认为,在所有语言交际活动中,为达到特定的目标,交际双方都会遵守一定的原则,他把交际双方必须共同遵守的这种原则称为会话的“合作原则”(Cooperative Principle)。但在交际中,人们并不是严格遵守这些规则,当一方的话语在表面上违反了某一准则时,那么,他可能是故意这么做的,听话人一方就要根据当时的语境,迫使自己超越对方话语的表面意义,也就是要明白他表面违反合作原则的隐含意义。格赖斯把这种在言语交际中推导出来的隐含意义称作“会话隐含”(Conversational Implicature ),即非逻辑推理的言外之意。利奇(Leech)提出了言语交际中要遵守“礼貌原则”(Politeness Principle )。他认为,礼貌原则是对合作原则的必要补充和补救,可以更好地解释人们为什么在言语交际中要故意违反合作原则。因为在交际中,人们最先考虑的是礼貌问题,礼貌原则实际上具有更大的约束力。利奇效仿格赖斯把礼貌原则划分为六个准则:策略准则(tact maxim )、宽宏准则(generosity maxim )、赞扬准则(approbation maxim)、谦虚准则(modesty maxim )、一致准则(agreement maxim )、同情准则(sympathy maxim ).合作原则和礼貌原则是语用学所涉及的两条主要原则。文学作品中的对话是一种特殊的对话形式。本文从中英文学作品中提取话语材料,用合作原则和礼貌原则理论,具体分析不同语言中遵守或违反合作原则如何产生了不同的会话效果。研究合作原则和礼貌原则的具体内容以及它们是如何制约会话隐含产生的过程,从而在言语交际中起着非常重要的作用。通过对中英文学作品中对话的会话分析,我们可以帮助人们更好的理解文学对话中的深层含义,也有利于人们更深入的理解和更好的欣赏外国的文学作品。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract in English
• Abstract in Chinese
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Philosophical Background of the Study
• 1.2 Existing Research on the Theory
• 1.3 Significance of the Study
• 1.4 Overview of the Study
• Chapter 2 Conversational Implicature of Grice's Cooperative Principle Theory
• 2.1 Definition of the Cooperative Principle
• 2.2 Definition of the Conversational Implicature
• 2.3 Cooperative Principle and its Maxims
• 2.3.1 The Maxim of Quantity
• 2.3.2 The Maxim of Quality
• 2.3.3 The Maxim of Relation
• 2.3.4 The Maxim of Manner
• 2.4 Violation of the Maxims
• 2.5 Summary
• Chapter 3 Overview on the Politeness Principle
• 3.1 Definition of Politeness Principle
• 3.2 Politeness Principle and its Maxims
• 3.3 Leech's Maxims
• 3.4 The Face Theory and the Politeness Principle
• 3.5 The Relationship and Conflicts Between the Cooperative Principle and the Politeness Principle
• 3.6 Summary
• Chapter 4 Analysis of the Conversational Implicature of the Dialogues in English and Chinese Literary Works
• 4.1 Analysis and Classification of the Implicature of Cooperative Principle in Literary Works
• 4.1.1 Analysis of Standard Implicature
• 4.1.2 Analysis of Non-Standard Implicature
• 4.1.2.1 The Violation of the Quantity Maxim
• 4.1.2.2 The Violation of the Quality Maxim
• 4.1.2.3 The Violation of the Relation Maxim
• 4.1.2.4 The Violation of the Manner Maxim
• 4.2 Analysis of the Implicature of the Relationship and Conflicts Between Cooperative Principle and Politeness Principle in Literary Works
• 4.2.1 Priority of the Politeness Principle in Conversation
• 4.2.2 A Guarantee of the Assumption in the Cooperative Principle—Politeness Principle
• 4.2.3 A Premise for Successful Conversation—Politeness Principle
• 4.3 Summary
• Chapter 5 Conclusion
• Bibliography