英语教材中的被动语态教学 ——基于语块理论的语法教学研究

英语教材中的被动语态教学 ——基于语块理论的语法教学研究

论文摘要

被动语态一直是英语教学中研究的一个典型问题。近年来,随着功能语言学的不断发展,被动语态在本族语中的功能地位逐渐被发掘并加以细化。目前研究表明,至少在新闻,科技,法律等方面,被动语态被本族语使用者赋予了较为独特的重要性(曲静,2009;徐来娟2008)。另一方面,相关语料库研究显示,我国学生对被动语态相关句式的掌握和本族语者有显著差异(文秋芳、王立非,梁茂成2005)。我国学生学习被动语态主要集中在中学阶段,因此该段时期英语课程中有关被动语态的教学内容对学生理解运用这一结构起着关键作用。教学方式和内容很大程度体现于教材的编排,因此对教材进行深入的专项分析所蕴含的重要性显得不言而喻。被动语态相关研究一直处于进行状态,然而近年来关注的焦点大多停留在语料库对比分析或语篇功能等方面(曹敏,2009;徐来娟,2008;田灵枝,2007)。对被动语态教学的研究还几乎停留在语法教学范畴,关注的多是抽象语法知识的传授(杨妮妮,杨质本,2008;高艳慧,李学东,2007),而对被动语态使用的条件,上下文语境,以及与主动语态的表意差异缺乏重视。然而,根据目前使用最广泛的语块分类理论,被动语态句式因为具有相对独立的特征,可以被纳入句子框架和引语这一类范畴,与聚合词,搭配词,惯用话语三类范畴构成语块的整体范畴(Lewis,1997),被动语态相关研究因此可以借鉴语块相关理论。本文试图将传统被认为是语法项的被动语态融入到代表全新词汇习得的语块习得中,解决被动语态传统教学中不能解决的问题,将语法习得转换为词汇习得。鉴于被动语态的在二语习得中的重要地位和意义,对教材中相关内容的编写和习题的设计以及语法教学都提出了新的要求,本文通过对目前广泛使用的一套高中教材的课文,习题以及词汇表进行分析后发现,教材注重的是被动语态基本句式的传授以及相关机械操练,而忽略了相关的使用条件,频率,语境以及作用;未曾力求让学习者对英文中这一特殊的结构深刻理解并促其合理使用。鉴于此,本文应用以词块为出发点的词汇教学相关理论,提出了一些相应的习题设计的建议,以期为广大教师和教材编写者提供参考。

论文目录

  • Acknowledgements
  • Abstract
  • 内容摘要
  • Chapter One Introduction
  • 1.1 Background of the Study
  • 1.1.1 Concept of Lexis
  • 1.1.2 A New Role for Lexis
  • 1.1.3 Current Situation of Lexical Teaching in China
  • 1.1.4 Traditional Passive Voice Teaching as Grammar Instruction
  • 1.1.5 Passive Voice Teaching in A Lexical Way
  • 1.1.6 Effects of Textbooks on English Teaching and Learning
  • 1.2 Aims and Organization of This Dissertation
  • Chapter Two Literature Review
  • 2.1 Literature Review of Lexical Chunks
  • 2.1.1 Definition and Categories of Lexical Chunks
  • 2.1.2 Functions of Lexical Chunks
  • 2.1.3 Situational Language Teaching & Children's Chunk Acquisition
  • 2.1.4 Lexical Approach & Consciousness-awareness Raising Activity
  • 2.2 Literature Review of Passive Voice
  • 2.2.1 Definition of Passive Voice
  • 2.2.2 Significance of Passive Voice
  • 2.2.3 Grammar Instruction and PV instruction
  • 2.3 A Critique
  • 2.3.1 Limitations on Previous Studies
  • 2.3.2 PV Instruction in Terms of Lexical Chunks
  • Chapter Three Analyses of Texts and Exercises from Authorized Textbooks
  • 3.1 Aims of the Analyses
  • 3.2 Methods and Materials
  • 3.3 Evaluation of the Text
  • 3.3.1 Selection of the Units
  • 3.3.2 Categorization
  • 3.3.3 Results of the Categorization
  • 3.3.4 Evaluation of the Results
  • 3.4 Evaluation of the Exercises
  • 3.4.1 Necessary Knowledge for the Exercises
  • 3.4.2 Testing Manners of the Exercises
  • 3.4.3 Results and Evaluation
  • 3.5 Evaluation of the vocabulary list
  • 3.5.1 Categorization
  • 3.5.2 Results of the Categorization
  • 3.5.3 Evaluation of the Results
  • 3.6 Summary of the Analysis
  • Chapter Four Proposing Activities for Exercises Design
  • 4.1 Compensation for Presentation
  • 4.2 Cross-language Exploration
  • 4.3 Classification of the Textbook information
  • 4.4 Wordbank Training
  • Chapter Five Conclusion
  • 5.1 Major Findings
  • 5.2 Implications
  • 5.3 Limitations and Future Research
  • References
  • Appendix A Reading
  • Appendix B
  • Appendix C
  • Appendix D
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    英语教材中的被动语态教学 ——基于语块理论的语法教学研究
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