同声传译记忆信息处理模型及记忆训练策略

论文摘要

本文讨论了同声传译的记忆工作机制及其在训练中的应用。文章从认知心理学的两大记忆模型分析着手,在Cowan的模型基础之上,综合了Gile的注意力分配模式,分析了同传过程中的信息处理过程,并提出了专属于同声传译的记忆信息处理模型。该模型的建立旨在帮助读者理解大脑进行同声传译的运行机制以及记忆系统对于原语输入、目的语输出的处理过程。记忆机制中的两大要素攸关着同声传译的成功与否,它们是工作记忆的容量和效率。然而对于特定的同传译员来说,改变记忆容量几乎无法实现,因此,同传策略和训练方法应着重于如何提高工作记忆的效率。影随练习、简化策略和扩大长时记忆的知识储备可以帮助改进记忆系统信息传输过程中容易出现的效率低下现象,对提高同传质量大有裨益。但是同传的成功并非一朝一夕之事,这些策略和训练技巧都需要译员经过平时的长期积累和不断努力,花费大量的时间和精力,并在各个方面提升自己的能力,才能在同传活动中获得更大的进步。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• Abstract
• 内容摘要
• Abbreviations
• Chapter 1. Introduction
• 1.1 Research Motivations
• 1.2 The Structure of the Thesis
• 1.3 The Significance of the Thesis
• Chapter 2. Memory Processing Models in Cognitive Psychology
• 2.1 The Multiple-store Model of Memory by Atkinson and Shiffrin
• 2.1.1 Sensory Memory （SM）
• 2.1.2 Short Term Memory （STM）
• 2.1.3 Long Term Memory （LTM）
• 2.1.4 The Multiple-store Model of Memory
• 2.1.5 Limitations of the Multiple-store Model
• 2.2 Working Memory and Cowan’s Embedded Processes Model
• 2.2.1 Working Memory （WM）
• 2.2.2 Embedded Processes Model of Working Memory by Cowan
• 2.3 The Framework for SI Memory Processing Model
• 2.4 Summary
• Chapter 3. Memory Processing Model for SI
• 3.1 An Analysis of Gile’s Effort Model for SI
• 3.2 Memory Processing Model for SI
• 3.3 Features of Memory Processing Model for SI
• 3.4 Summary
• Chapter 4. SI Performance and WM Efficiency
• 4.1 Description of the Study - WM and expertise in SI
• 4.2 Significance of the Study
• 4.3 Summary
• Chapter 5. SI-Specific Memory Training Strategies and Skills
• 5.1 Mental Failures in SI Processes
• 5.1.1 Resource allocating ability in Central Executive
• 5.1.2 Information Clogging in FOA
• 5.1.3 Information Retrieval from LTM to Active Memory
• 5.2 Shadowing Exercise with Larger Lagging Span
• 5.3 Simplification Strategy
• 5.3.1 Reduction
• 5.3.2 Chunking
• 5.3.3 Digital Approximation
• 5.3.4 Summary
• 5.4 Building up Knowledge Storage in LTM
• 5.5 Summary
• Chapter 6. Conclusion
• 6.1 Thesis Summary
• 6.2 Applications of the Model in SI Trainings
• 6.3 Suggestions for Future Study
• References