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作者杨心愿（2019）在《祥云湾海洋牧场人工牡蛎礁群落特征及其生态效应》一文中研究指出：海洋牧场遵循与自然共建原则,重视生境修复和资源养护,是我国海洋渔业产业升级的重要方向。人工牡蛎礁由牡蛎等附着生物和人工构造物组成,具备多项生态功能,是海洋牧场建设的关键技术手段。本文立足祥云湾海洋牧场,通过试板实验、潜水采样和布设地笼网研究人工牡蛎礁的群落特征及其生态效应,以期为现代化海洋牧场建设提供理论支撑。主要结果如下:1.人工牡蛎礁的群落特征祥云湾海洋牧场人工牡蛎礁共鉴定出16种附着生物,分属6个不同门类,软体动物长牡蛎Crassostrea gigas、紫贻贝Mytilus edulis和节肢动物尖额麦秆虫Caprella penantis在总密度和总生物量上所占比例超过95%,上述三种附着生物均具备一定的生态功能,有利于建立稳定且多样的生态系统。在6 m以浅海域,人工牡蛎礁附着生物总生物量随水深增加呈上升趋势,底层长牡蛎生物量显著高于中层和表层,长牡蛎和尖额麦秆虫的生物量呈显著负相关,不同水深下长牡蛎的生物附着规律可能与幼虫的避光性、食物来源以及其他附着生物的竞争作用有关。祥云湾海洋牧场小型水泥沉箱的生物附着效果良好,长牡蛎的附着密度为276 ind.m-2,平均壳高为42.63 mm,30-40 mm范围内所占比例为42.53%,有助于所在海域牡蛎礁生态系统的恢复和重建,但是小型水泥沉箱的结构设计过于简易,存在尺寸过大、附着面积偏小以及礁体底部阻碍水体流动等可改进之处。2.人工牡蛎礁的环境效应在5 m范围内,靠近人工牡蛎礁,表层沉积物的有机质含量呈上升趋势、中值粒径呈下降趋势,人工牡蛎礁的存在会改变周边流场,更有利于小粒径物质的沉积,礁体上的附着生物碎屑和滤食性贝类的假粪可能是礁旁有机质的主要来源。人工牡蛎礁礁旁表层沉积物的C/N和C/Chl-a显著高于对照区,进一步表明礁旁有机质中生物碎屑而非新鲜藻类所占的比例更高。小型底栖生物对底栖环境的变化非常灵敏,其群落特征常被纳入海洋环境健康评估中,祥云湾海洋牧场共鉴定出8类小型底栖生物,主要包括线虫类Nematoda、多毛类Polychaeta和桡足类Copepoda。小型底栖生物的空间异质性较高,不同调查站点的总丰度和生物多样性均存在显著差异。在5 m范围内,随着与人工牡蛎礁距离增大,小型底栖生物的总丰度呈下降趋势,有机质含量和其总丰度呈显著正相关。小型底栖生物总丰度增大,可为高营养级海洋生物提供食物来源,在一定程度上表明人工牡蛎礁能够增加所在海域的渔业生产潜力。3.人工牡蛎礁的资源效应人工牡蛎礁区和对照区渔业资源种类总数分别为31和30,礁区内鱼类种数相较于对照区高出50%,表明礁区内外渔业资源种类组成存在一定差异,人工牡蛎礁区可能更适宜鱼类生长。人工牡蛎礁区渔业资源的生物多样性和对照区无显著差异,但是礁区内单位捕捞努力量渔获量显著高于对照区。祥云湾海洋牧场渔业资源的优势种主要包括矛尾鰕虎鱼Chaeturichthys stigmatias、日本蟳Charybdis japonica和许氏平鲉Sebastes schlegelii。人工牡蛎礁建设有助于提升祥云湾海洋牧场的渔业产量,原因在于牡蛎附着使得礁体表面结构更为复杂,有利于其他海洋生物的避敌和生长,牡蛎等滤食性贝类是连接初级生产和更高营养级生物的重要中间环节;此外,人工牡蛎礁区优势种的资源密度远高于对照区,牡蛎对脉红螺表现出较强的正面作用,进一步证明人工牡蛎礁具备资源养护作用。但是,人工牡蛎礁并不能完全替代红树林、海草床和盐沼等其他关键生态系统,切忌因盲目投礁而破坏相关物种的产卵场、索饵场等自然生境。
Abstract
hai xiang mu chang zun xun yu zi ran gong jian yuan ze ,chong shi sheng jing xiu fu he zi yuan yang hu ,shi wo guo hai xiang yu ye chan ye sheng ji de chong yao fang xiang 。ren gong mu li jiao you mu li deng fu zhao sheng wu he ren gong gou zao wu zu cheng ,ju bei duo xiang sheng tai gong neng ,shi hai xiang mu chang jian she de guan jian ji shu shou duan 。ben wen li zu xiang yun wan hai xiang mu chang ,tong guo shi ban shi yan 、qian shui cai yang he bu she de long wang yan jiu ren gong mu li jiao de qun la te zheng ji ji sheng tai xiao ying ,yi ji wei xian dai hua hai xiang mu chang jian she di gong li lun zhi cheng 。zhu yao jie guo ru xia :1.ren gong mu li jiao de qun la te zheng xiang yun wan hai xiang mu chang ren gong mu li jiao gong jian ding chu 16chong fu zhao sheng wu ,fen shu 6ge bu tong men lei ,ruan ti dong wu chang mu li Crassostrea gigas、zi yi bei Mytilus edulishe jie zhi dong wu jian e mai gan chong Caprella penantiszai zong mi du he zong sheng wu liang shang suo zhan bi li chao guo 95%,shang shu san chong fu zhao sheng wu jun ju bei yi ding de sheng tai gong neng ,you li yu jian li wen ding ju duo yang de sheng tai ji tong 。zai 6 myi jian hai yu ,ren gong mu li jiao fu zhao sheng wu zong sheng wu liang sui shui shen zeng jia cheng shang sheng qu shi ,de ceng chang mu li sheng wu liang xian zhe gao yu zhong ceng he biao ceng ,chang mu li he jian e mai gan chong de sheng wu liang cheng xian zhe fu xiang guan ,bu tong shui shen xia chang mu li de sheng wu fu zhao gui lv ke neng yu you chong de bi guang xing 、shi wu lai yuan yi ji ji ta fu zhao sheng wu de jing zheng zuo yong you guan 。xiang yun wan hai xiang mu chang xiao xing shui ni chen xiang de sheng wu fu zhao xiao guo liang hao ,chang mu li de fu zhao mi du wei 276 ind.m-2,ping jun ke gao wei 42.63 mm,30-40 mmfan wei nei suo zhan bi li wei 42.53%,you zhu yu suo zai hai yu mu li jiao sheng tai ji tong de hui fu he chong jian ,dan shi xiao xing shui ni chen xiang de jie gou she ji guo yu jian yi ,cun zai che cun guo da 、fu zhao mian ji pian xiao yi ji jiao ti de bu zu ai shui ti liu dong deng ke gai jin zhi chu 。2.ren gong mu li jiao de huan jing xiao ying zai 5 mfan wei nei ,kao jin ren gong mu li jiao ,biao ceng chen ji wu de you ji zhi han liang cheng shang sheng qu shi 、zhong zhi li jing cheng xia jiang qu shi ,ren gong mu li jiao de cun zai hui gai bian zhou bian liu chang ,geng you li yu xiao li jing wu zhi de chen ji ,jiao ti shang de fu zhao sheng wu sui xie he lv shi xing bei lei de jia fen ke neng shi jiao pang you ji zhi de zhu yao lai yuan 。ren gong mu li jiao jiao pang biao ceng chen ji wu de C/Nhe C/Chl-axian zhe gao yu dui zhao ou ,jin yi bu biao ming jiao pang you ji zhi zhong sheng wu sui xie er fei xin xian zao lei suo zhan de bi li geng gao 。xiao xing de qi sheng wu dui de qi huan jing de bian hua fei chang ling min ,ji qun la te zheng chang bei na ru hai xiang huan jing jian kang ping gu zhong ,xiang yun wan hai xiang mu chang gong jian ding chu 8lei xiao xing de qi sheng wu ,zhu yao bao gua xian chong lei Nematoda、duo mao lei Polychaetahe rao zu lei Copepoda。xiao xing de qi sheng wu de kong jian yi zhi xing jiao gao ,bu tong diao cha zhan dian de zong feng du he sheng wu duo yang xing jun cun zai xian zhe cha yi 。zai 5 mfan wei nei ,sui zhao yu ren gong mu li jiao ju li zeng da ,xiao xing de qi sheng wu de zong feng du cheng xia jiang qu shi ,you ji zhi han liang he ji zong feng du cheng xian zhe zheng xiang guan 。xiao xing de qi sheng wu zong feng du zeng da ,ke wei gao ying yang ji hai xiang sheng wu di gong shi wu lai yuan ,zai yi ding cheng du shang biao ming ren gong mu li jiao neng gou zeng jia suo zai hai yu de yu ye sheng chan qian li 。3.ren gong mu li jiao de zi yuan xiao ying ren gong mu li jiao ou he dui zhao ou yu ye zi yuan chong lei zong shu fen bie wei 31he 30,jiao ou nei yu lei chong shu xiang jiao yu dui zhao ou gao chu 50%,biao ming jiao ou nei wai yu ye zi yuan chong lei zu cheng cun zai yi ding cha yi ,ren gong mu li jiao ou ke neng geng kuo yi yu lei sheng chang 。ren gong mu li jiao ou yu ye zi yuan de sheng wu duo yang xing he dui zhao ou mo xian zhe cha yi ,dan shi jiao ou nei chan wei bu lao nu li liang yu huo liang xian zhe gao yu dui zhao ou 。xiang yun wan hai xiang mu chang yu ye zi yuan de you shi chong zhu yao bao gua mao wei xia hu yu Chaeturichthys stigmatias、ri ben xun Charybdis japonicahe hu shi ping you Sebastes schlegelii。ren gong mu li jiao jian she you zhu yu di sheng xiang yun wan hai xiang mu chang de yu ye chan liang ,yuan yin zai yu mu li fu zhao shi de jiao ti biao mian jie gou geng wei fu za ,you li yu ji ta hai xiang sheng wu de bi di he sheng chang ,mu li deng lv shi xing bei lei shi lian jie chu ji sheng chan he geng gao ying yang ji sheng wu de chong yao zhong jian huan jie ;ci wai ,ren gong mu li jiao ou you shi chong de zi yuan mi du yuan gao yu dui zhao ou ,mu li dui mai gong luo biao xian chu jiao jiang de zheng mian zuo yong ,jin yi bu zheng ming ren gong mu li jiao ju bei zi yuan yang hu zuo yong 。dan shi ,ren gong mu li jiao bing bu neng wan quan ti dai gong shu lin 、hai cao chuang he yan zhao deng ji ta guan jian sheng tai ji tong ,qie ji yin mang mu tou jiao er po huai xiang guan wu chong de chan luan chang 、suo er chang deng zi ran sheng jing 。
论文参考文献
论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自中国科学院大学(中国科学院海洋研究所)的杨心愿，发表于刊物中国科学院大学(中国科学院海洋研究所)2019-07-24论文，是一篇关于海洋牧场论文,牡蛎礁论文,牡蛎附着论文,小型底栖生物论文,渔业资源论文,中国科学院大学(中国科学院海洋研究所)2019-07-24论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自中国科学院大学(中国科学院海洋研究所)2019-07-24论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：海洋牧场论文; 牡蛎礁论文; 牡蛎附着论文; 小型底栖生物论文; 渔业资源论文; 中国科学院大学(中国科学院海洋研究所)2019-07-24论文;