Non Dipper Hypertension and Its Correlated Factors with Type 2 Diabetes

论文摘要

Objective: Non-dipping of nocturnal hypertension is common in people with type 2 diabetes and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with nocturnal non-dipping of HT in people with type 2 diabetes.Methods: Data were obtained from 50 people with type 2 diabetes who had undergone ambulatory BP （blood pressure） monitoring. Dippers were defined as those with a systolic night-time BP dip over 15%. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 11.0 for Windows. Normally distributed data were analysed using a non-paired Students t-test, and non-parametric tests were used for data with a skewed distribution. Chi-squared tests were used for discontinuous variables. The results were adjusted for age using binary logistic regression, using non-dipping status as the dependent variable.Results: No significant differences were seen between the mean day-time systolic BP in the dipping （145.8 mmHg） and the non-dipping （145.0 mmHg） groups （p=0.88）. Non-dippers were significantly older （p<0.0001） with a higher prevalence of albuminuria （p=0.003） and of macrovascular disease （p=0.008） when compared with the dipping group. After adjustment for age, albuminuria remained more prevalent within the non-dipping group （p=0.007）. There was no significant difference in glycaemic control, type of diabetes treatment, smoking status, or gender between the groups.Conclusion: Albuminuria is strongly associated with non-dipping of nocturnal BP in people with type 2 diabetes. An increase in night-time systolic BP appears to be the earliest detectable manifestation of altered BP regulation in patients with diabetes.

论文目录

• LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
• LIST OF FIGURES
• LIST OF TABLES
• ABSTRACT
• Background and introduction
• Patients and methods
• Statistical analysis
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusion
• SUMMARY
• REFERENCES
• FIGURES AND TABLES
• REVIEW
• ACKNOWLEDGMENT
• PUBLISHED ARTICLE DURING RESIDENCY