本文主要研究内容
作者丁金凤（2019）在《溴氰虫酰胺对双委夜蛾的致毒效应及其玉米种子处理防效评价》一文中研究指出：双委夜蛾是2012年以来黄淮海夏玉米田的新发害虫,在田间环境下常与二点委夜蛾混合发生,两种害虫在形态特征和为害症状上非常相似,在玉米、小麦、花生和大豆等作物的新叶、茎基部和根部进行为害,严重为害时可造成缺苗和断垄。但相较于二点委夜蛾,双委夜蛾具有更大的取食量、更长的为害周期和更强的繁殖能力,推测其在田间存在大发生的可能性。目前关于双委夜蛾的研究主要集中在分布分类和生物学特性等方面,有关该虫的化学防治尚未见报道。鉴于双委夜蛾对玉米等作物生产的潜在威胁,亟待筛选出高效、低毒、安全的药剂以满足应急防治之需。本研究在室内条件下测定了18种常用杀虫剂对双委夜蛾3-6龄幼虫的毒力水平,研究了溴氰虫酰胺对双委夜蛾的亚致死效应,通过温室盆栽和田间接虫试验明确了溴氰虫酰胺玉米种子处理对双委夜蛾的防治效果和持效期,同时分析了溴氰虫酰胺及其主要代谢产物在玉米植株和土壤中的残留和消解动态。主要研究结果如下:1.测定了8类18种常用杀虫剂对双委夜蛾幼虫的室内毒力。结果表明:辛硫磷、溴氰虫酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺、溴氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、联苯菊酯和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对双委夜蛾3-6龄幼虫的毒力均较高,LC50值在0.14和27.40 mg/L之间;虫螨腈、茚虫威、高效氯氰菊酯、氟啶脲和毒死蜱对低龄幼虫（3-4龄）的毒力较高,LC50<22.63 mg/L,上述药剂对高龄幼虫（5-6龄）的毒力降低,LC50>38.13 mg/L;而新烟碱类杀虫剂、甲基嘧啶磷和灭幼脲对双委夜蛾各龄期幼虫的毒力水平均较低,LC50大于40.83 mg/L。2.评价了溴氰虫酰胺对双委夜蛾生长发育、种群参数、营养利用效率及能量物质含量的影响。结果表明,溴氰虫酰胺对双委夜蛾4龄幼虫的毒力较高,LC50为0.66μg/g混毒饲料;与对照组相比,LC5、LC25和LC50剂量的溴氰虫酰胺显著抑制了幼虫的营养利用效率,幼虫的取食量明显降低;药剂处理后幼虫体内3种主要能量物质（蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂质）的含量显著低于对照组,进一步对双委夜蛾正常生长、发育和繁殖产生不利影响,包括延长幼虫和蛹的发育历期,降低化蛹率、羽化率、蛹重及单雌产卵量。因此,溴氰虫酰胺在低致死剂量水平可有效降低双委夜蛾种群增长速度。3.溴氰虫酰胺2和4 g a.i./kg种子的剂量进行种子处理盆栽播种后,玉米出苗后第9天（9 DAE）接双委夜蛾4龄幼虫,接虫5天后幼虫死亡率大于90%,试虫为害率为10%左右。因此,溴氰虫酰胺2 g a.i./kg种子剂量作为田间试验的推荐剂量。田间试验结果显示,溴氰虫酰胺在2 g a.i./kg种子剂量进行种子处理对夏玉米生长安全。于玉米三叶一心期（5 DAE）进行接虫,到15 DAE,溴氰虫酰胺处理组的被害株率为10.52%,明显低于空白对照组被害株率35.76%;防治效果为70.59%,显著高于氯虫苯甲酰胺60.00%的防治效果。4.溴氰虫酰胺2 g a.i./kg种子剂量处理玉米种植后,取不同生长时期的玉米茎基部和叶片饲喂双委夜蛾幼虫。结果显示,随着接虫龄期的增长,玉米各部分对幼虫的残留毒力呈下降的趋势,玉米7 DAE,整株玉米苗对35龄的致死率为46.67%76.67%,茎基部为46.67%83.33%,叶片为33.33%60.00%;随着玉米的生长,玉米各部分对幼虫的致死率同样呈下降的趋势。溴氰虫酰胺在2 g a.i./kg种子的剂量下,对3-4龄幼虫的防治持效期达玉米7-10 DAE,而对5龄等高龄幼虫的防治效果不佳。5.建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定溴氰虫酰胺在玉米植株和土壤中残留量的方法。结果表明:在0.01、0.1和1 mg/kg添加水平下,溴氰虫酰胺及其主要代谢物在玉米植株和土壤中的平均添加回收率在81%103%之间,RSD<10%;在0.150μg/L范围内,溴氰虫酰胺和及其主要代谢物J9Z38的质量浓度与相应的峰面积间呈良好的线性关系（决定系数均大于0.999）,定量限均为0.01 mg/kg。该方法灵敏性较好,能够快速且高效的对玉米植株和土壤中溴氰虫酰胺及其代谢物进行检测。6.研究了溴氰虫酰胺及其代谢物在春夏玉米植株及土壤中的残留和消解动态。溴氰虫酰胺和J9Z38在玉米植株和土壤中的消解动态符合一级动力学方程。溴氰虫酰胺4 g a.i./kg种子剂量下,在春玉米和夏玉米植株中的残留消解动态方程分别为Ct=2.005e-0.083t（r2=0.9847）和Ct=2.216e-0.178t（r2=0.9627）,消解半衰期分别为8.3 d和3.9 d;在春玉米和夏玉米土壤中的残留消解动态方程分别为Ct=4.089e-0.085t（r2=0.9769）和Ct=0.431e-0.153t（r2=0.9195）,消解半衰期分别为8.2 d和4.5 d。
Abstract
shuang wei ye e shi 2012nian yi lai huang huai hai xia yu mi tian de xin fa hai chong ,zai tian jian huan jing xia chang yu er dian wei ye e hun ge fa sheng ,liang chong hai chong zai xing tai te zheng he wei hai zheng zhuang shang fei chang xiang shi ,zai yu mi 、xiao mai 、hua sheng he da dou deng zuo wu de xin xie 、jing ji bu he gen bu jin hang wei hai ,yan chong wei hai shi ke zao cheng que miao he duan long 。dan xiang jiao yu er dian wei ye e ,shuang wei ye e ju you geng da de qu shi liang 、geng chang de wei hai zhou ji he geng jiang de fan shi neng li ,tui ce ji zai tian jian cun zai da fa sheng de ke neng xing 。mu qian guan yu shuang wei ye e de yan jiu zhu yao ji zhong zai fen bu fen lei he sheng wu xue te xing deng fang mian ,you guan gai chong de hua xue fang zhi shang wei jian bao dao 。jian yu shuang wei ye e dui yu mi deng zuo wu sheng chan de qian zai wei xie ,ji dai shai shua chu gao xiao 、di du 、an quan de yao ji yi man zu ying ji fang zhi zhi xu 。ben yan jiu zai shi nei tiao jian xia ce ding le 18chong chang yong sha chong ji dui shuang wei ye e 3-6ling you chong de du li shui ping ,yan jiu le xiu qing chong xian an dui shuang wei ye e de ya zhi si xiao ying ,tong guo wen shi pen zai he tian jian jie chong shi yan ming que le xiu qing chong xian an yu mi chong zi chu li dui shuang wei ye e de fang zhi xiao guo he chi xiao ji ,tong shi fen xi le xiu qing chong xian an ji ji zhu yao dai xie chan wu zai yu mi zhi zhu he tu rang zhong de can liu he xiao jie dong tai 。zhu yao yan jiu jie guo ru xia :1.ce ding le 8lei 18chong chang yong sha chong ji dui shuang wei ye e you chong de shi nei du li 。jie guo biao ming :xin liu lin 、xiu qing chong xian an 、lv chong ben jia xian an 、xiu qing ju zhi 、gao xiao lv fu qing ju zhi 、lian ben ju zhi he jia an ji a wei jun su ben jia suan yan dui shuang wei ye e 3-6ling you chong de du li jun jiao gao ,LC50zhi zai 0.14he 27.40 mg/Lzhi jian ;chong man jing 、yin chong wei 、gao xiao lv qing ju zhi 、fu ding niao he du si pi dui di ling you chong （3-4ling ）de du li jiao gao ,LC50<22.63 mg/L,shang shu yao ji dui gao ling you chong （5-6ling ）de du li jiang di ,LC50>38.13 mg/L;er xin yan jian lei sha chong ji 、jia ji mi ding lin he mie you niao dui shuang wei ye e ge ling ji you chong de du li shui ping jun jiao di ,LC50da yu 40.83 mg/L。2.ping jia le xiu qing chong xian an dui shuang wei ye e sheng chang fa yo 、chong qun can shu 、ying yang li yong xiao lv ji neng liang wu zhi han liang de ying xiang 。jie guo biao ming ,xiu qing chong xian an dui shuang wei ye e 4ling you chong de du li jiao gao ,LC50wei 0.66μg/ghun du si liao ;yu dui zhao zu xiang bi ,LC5、LC25he LC50ji liang de xiu qing chong xian an xian zhe yi zhi le you chong de ying yang li yong xiao lv ,you chong de qu shi liang ming xian jiang di ;yao ji chu li hou you chong ti nei 3chong zhu yao neng liang wu zhi （dan bai zhi 、tan shui hua ge wu he zhi zhi ）de han liang xian zhe di yu dui zhao zu ,jin yi bu dui shuang wei ye e zheng chang sheng chang 、fa yo he fan shi chan sheng bu li ying xiang ,bao gua yan chang you chong he yong de fa yo li ji ,jiang di hua yong lv 、yu hua lv 、yong chong ji chan ci chan luan liang 。yin ci ,xiu qing chong xian an zai di zhi si ji liang shui ping ke you xiao jiang di shuang wei ye e chong qun zeng chang su du 。3.xiu qing chong xian an 2he 4 g a.i./kgchong zi de ji liang jin hang chong zi chu li pen zai bo chong hou ,yu mi chu miao hou di 9tian （9 DAE）jie shuang wei ye e 4ling you chong ,jie chong 5tian hou you chong si wang lv da yu 90%,shi chong wei hai lv wei 10%zuo you 。yin ci ,xiu qing chong xian an 2 g a.i./kgchong zi ji liang zuo wei tian jian shi yan de tui jian ji liang 。tian jian shi yan jie guo xian shi ,xiu qing chong xian an zai 2 g a.i./kgchong zi ji liang jin hang chong zi chu li dui xia yu mi sheng chang an quan 。yu yu mi san xie yi xin ji （5 DAE）jin hang jie chong ,dao 15 DAE,xiu qing chong xian an chu li zu de bei hai zhu lv wei 10.52%,ming xian di yu kong bai dui zhao zu bei hai zhu lv 35.76%;fang zhi xiao guo wei 70.59%,xian zhe gao yu lv chong ben jia xian an 60.00%de fang zhi xiao guo 。4.xiu qing chong xian an 2 g a.i./kgchong zi ji liang chu li yu mi chong zhi hou ,qu bu tong sheng chang shi ji de yu mi jing ji bu he xie pian si wei shuang wei ye e you chong 。jie guo xian shi ,sui zhao jie chong ling ji de zeng chang ,yu mi ge bu fen dui you chong de can liu du li cheng xia jiang de qu shi ,yu mi 7 DAE,zheng zhu yu mi miao dui 35ling de zhi si lv wei 46.67%76.67%,jing ji bu wei 46.67%83.33%,xie pian wei 33.33%60.00%;sui zhao yu mi de sheng chang ,yu mi ge bu fen dui you chong de zhi si lv tong yang cheng xia jiang de qu shi 。xiu qing chong xian an zai 2 g a.i./kgchong zi de ji liang xia ,dui 3-4ling you chong de fang zhi chi xiao ji da yu mi 7-10 DAE,er dui 5ling deng gao ling you chong de fang zhi xiao guo bu jia 。5.jian li le chao gao xiao ye xiang se pu -chuan lian zhi pu fa ce ding xiu qing chong xian an zai yu mi zhi zhu he tu rang zhong can liu liang de fang fa 。jie guo biao ming :zai 0.01、0.1he 1 mg/kgtian jia shui ping xia ,xiu qing chong xian an ji ji zhu yao dai xie wu zai yu mi zhi zhu he tu rang zhong de ping jun tian jia hui shou lv zai 81%103%zhi jian ,RSD<10%;zai 0.150μg/Lfan wei nei ,xiu qing chong xian an he ji ji zhu yao dai xie wu J9Z38de zhi liang nong du yu xiang ying de feng mian ji jian cheng liang hao de xian xing guan ji （jue ding ji shu jun da yu 0.999）,ding liang xian jun wei 0.01 mg/kg。gai fang fa ling min xing jiao hao ,neng gou kuai su ju gao xiao de dui yu mi zhi zhu he tu rang zhong xiu qing chong xian an ji ji dai xie wu jin hang jian ce 。6.yan jiu le xiu qing chong xian an ji ji dai xie wu zai chun xia yu mi zhi zhu ji tu rang zhong de can liu he xiao jie dong tai 。xiu qing chong xian an he J9Z38zai yu mi zhi zhu he tu rang zhong de xiao jie dong tai fu ge yi ji dong li xue fang cheng 。xiu qing chong xian an 4 g a.i./kgchong zi ji liang xia ,zai chun yu mi he xia yu mi zhi zhu zhong de can liu xiao jie dong tai fang cheng fen bie wei Ct=2.005e-0.083t（r2=0.9847）he Ct=2.216e-0.178t（r2=0.9627）,xiao jie ban cui ji fen bie wei 8.3 dhe 3.9 d;zai chun yu mi he xia yu mi tu rang zhong de can liu xiao jie dong tai fang cheng fen bie wei Ct=4.089e-0.085t（r2=0.9769）he Ct=0.431e-0.153t（r2=0.9195）,xiao jie ban cui ji fen bie wei 8.2 dhe 4.5 d。
论文参考文献
论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自山东农业大学的丁金凤，发表于刊物山东农业大学2019-07-08论文，是一篇关于双委夜蛾论文,溴氰虫酰胺论文,毒力论文,亚致死效应论文,防效论文,残留论文,山东农业大学2019-07-08论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自山东农业大学2019-07-08论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：双委夜蛾论文; 溴氰虫酰胺论文; 毒力论文; 亚致死效应论文; 防效论文; 残留论文; 山东农业大学2019-07-08论文;