礼貌原则下中日称呼语对比研究

论文摘要

随着经济全球化,作为邻国的中国和日本交流更加频繁。但是随之而来的语用失误现象也很多,从相关资料来看,中日语中称呼语与礼貌原则的关系是以往学者极少涉足的一个研究课题。本文将试图填补这方面的研究不足。称呼是人际交往的重要组成部分,可以反映出语言与社会之间的共变关系。恰当的称呼是保证交际成功的先决条件。本文从社会语言学和语用学结合的角度,运用对比分析的方法分析了中日称呼行为的异同,并着重从礼貌原则的角度探讨了两者之间的差异,并从文化差异上对其作出解释,另外指出了称呼语研究对避免跨文化交际中语用失误的指导作用。称呼语指的是在称呼某人或者某物时所用的词语。称呼语是一种社会指示语,社会关系调节器和礼貌标示语。称呼语在人际交往中主要能完成三方面的功能:招呼功能;表情功能;以言行事功能。人际交往过程中,称呼语既反映了人们之间的社会关系,同时又受其制约。称呼语根据社会关系的不同可以分成不同的类别,本文将将中日称呼语分成四大类并通过大量的实际例子以图表形式进行对比分析。本文主要讨论中日礼貌称呼行为的差异。礼貌现象是个普遍现象,但在什么是礼貌上,日语和汉语有不同的表现形式。在礼貌称呼上,日语和汉语存在较大差异。这就给在跨文化交际中的人们造成很大的困扰。语用失误也就随之不可避免。但是语用失误所造成的后果比语法错误更严重,可以折射出一个人的人品。因此,本论文期望通过探究中日两国不同的礼貌原则以及不同的称呼语定义两方面,找出造成不同的文化根源,来帮助大家避免语用失误。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Part 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Background of the Study
• 1.2 Significance of the Study
• 1.3 Layout of the Thesis
• Part 2 Literature Review
• 2.1 Definition of Address Forms
• 2.2 Classification of Address Forms
• 2.3 Functions of Address Forms
• 2.4 Conceptions of Politeness
• 2.5 Researches on the Relationship between Culture and Politeness
• 2.5.1 The Face Theory by Brown &Levinson
• 2.5.2 Politeness Principle by Leech
• 2.5.3 Politeness Principle by Gu yueguo
• 2.5.4 Politeness principle in Japan
• Part 3 Comparative analysis of Chinese and Japanese Address Forms
• 3.1 Chinese and Japanese Address Forms
• 3.1.1 Kin Terms
• 3.1.2 Social Terms
• 3.1.3 Pronouns of Address Forms
• 3.1.4 Polite Address Forms
• 3.2 Politeness Principles and Address Forms
• 3.3 Analysis of Chinese and Japanese Address Forms from Politeness principles
• 3.3.1 Analysis of Japanese Address Forms from the PP by Brown and Levinson
• 3.3.2 Analysis of Chinese Address Forms from the PP by Brown and Levinson
• Part 4 Cultural Reasons for the Similarities and Differences between Chinese and Japanese Address Forms
• 4.1 Analysis of Cultural Reasons for Similarities
• 4.2 Analysis of Cultural Reasons for Differences
• 4.2.1 Different Family Inheritance System
• 4.2.2 Different Clan Hierarchy
• 4.2.3 Strong Sense of Caring in Japanese
• 4.2.4 Development of Society and Social Consciousness
• 4.2.5 Strong Sense of Times in Chinese
• 4.2.6 Strong Sense of “うちとそと”in Japanese
• Part 5 Conclusion
• 5.1 Summary of Research
• 5.2 Limitations and Suggestions for Further Research
• Bibliography
• Acknowledgements