论文摘要
言据性是指话语中说话人对所述信息和知识的认知状态。言据性的表现形式为据素。实据性体现了语言的人际功能。本文以维索尔伦的顺应论为理论框架,以电视访谈文本为语料,详细分析语料中出现的据素,旨在探讨各类据素在语料中的分布情况、影响说话者选择据素的语境因素,以此揭示说话者如何利用据素来实现话语的人际意义。数据显示,在九篇访谈文本共5432个句子中,共有1163个据素。每个句子出现0.21个据素。在语料中,各类据素的使用频率从12.90%至40.97%不等。据素在电视访谈话语中的出现情况为多样性。高频率的零据素句子是据素出现率低的主要原因。各篇语料中据素出现频率的差异与访谈话题的多样性、说话人对语境的顺应有关。根据Chafe的分类,我们发现七种据素在语料中都出现了。其中,口头资源据素和信念据素的使用频率明显高于其他据素。这主要是由于这两类据素的主观性较强,说话人利用它们表达自己鲜明的主观态度,并以此影响听者的看法和立场。语料中据素的选择体现了主持人与嘉宾对包括社会环境与物理环境在内的语境的动态顺应,它是一种过程,不仅反映说话人的认知,而且表现说话人对听者心理世界的评估。据素作为说话者的一种有效的语言策略,在言语交际的顺应过程中所反映出的人际功能可归纳为三点。第一,营造和谐氛围。信念据素和口头资源据素不仅可以帮助说话人闪避一些敏感问题,保全说话者的面子,而且能够使话语内容更易于接受。一些据素还可以帮助说话者避免直接提出对立观点,保全听话者面子。第二,力求客观。演绎据素有利于突显话语的客观性,使说话人避免对所述内容承担责任。第三,表达说话者情感,比如,归纳据素和期望据素有利于得到听众在情感上的认同。据素的选择是说话人对话语语境的动态顺应,合理利用据素有助于听话人对话语意义作出恰当的判断。本文运用顺应理论对据素的语用功能所做的阐释再次证明了该理论对话语交际的解释力。
论文目录
中文摘要AbstractChapter One Introduction1.1 Research Background1.2 Objectives and Significance of Present Study1.3 Data and Methodology1.4 Layout of this ThesisChapter Two Literature Review2.1 Defining Evidentiality and Evidentials2.2 Classification of Evidentials2.3 A Brief Account of Adaptation Theory2.3.1 Adaptability2.3.2 Contextual Correlates of Adaptability2.3.3 Contextual Adaptation and Evidentiality2.4 TV Interviews2.4.1 The Features of TV Interviews Language2.4.2 Previous Studies on TV Interviews2.5 SummaryChapter Three Analysis of Evidentials in the Data3.1 Frequency of Evidentials in the Data3.2 Distribution of Evidentials in the Data3.3 Types of and Realization Patterns of Evidentials in the Data3.3.1 Belief Evidentials3.3.2 Induction Evidentials3.3.3 Hearsay Evidentials3.3.4 Deduction Evidentials3.3.5 Reliability Evidentials3.3.6 Verbal Resources Evidentials3.3.7 Expectation Evidentials3.4 SummaryChapter Four Adaptation and Interpersonal Functions of Evidentials in TV Interviews4.1 Adaptation of Evidentials4.1.1 Adaptation to the Language Users:Utterer and Interpreter4.1.1.1 Adaptation to the Utterer's Voices4.1.1.2 Adaptation to the Interpreter's Many Roles4.1.2 Adaptation to the Mental World4.1.2.1 Adaptation to Emotions4.1.2.2 Adaptation to Psychological Motivation4.1.3 Adaptation to the Social World4.1.3.1 Adaptation to the Setting4.1.3.2 Adaptation to Social-cultural Norms4.1.4 Adaptation to the Physical World4.2 Interpersonal Functions of Evidentials4.2.1 Creating a Harmonious Atmosphere4.2.2 Shifting Responsibility4.2.3 Enhancing Emotions4.2.4 Pushing the Conversation to Move Smoothly4.3 SummaryChapter Five Conclusion5.1 Major Findings5.2 Implications5.3 Limitations and SuggestionsBibliographyAcknowledgementsAppendix个人简历在学期间的研究成果及发表的学术论文
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标签:言据性论文; 据素论文; 顺应论文; 人际功能论文;