关联—顺应理论框架下英汉语义缩小与扩大的动态语用研究

论文摘要

词汇是人类语言和生活最紧密的衔接点,由于受到语言内部体系和地理环境与人文环境的制约,词汇项目不仅有本身的词汇意义,语用因素也赋予词汇特定的篇章语用功能,形成特定的语用意义。对此,哲学、语义学、语用学及认知语言学等分别有不同的解释。但目前对该方面的研究尚缺乏系统的分析,本文就英汉临时语义缩小与扩大的理解机制及其语用特征进行初步探讨。词汇语用学主要致力于在共时或历时语境中考察并回答词汇意义的理解、构成、变化等问题。而本文是基于交际中词汇或词汇组合在信息传递时形式和交际意义之间的不完备性,探讨词汇语用信息的临时性及其语境建构,尤其是临时语义的建构过程及其语用特征。关联-顺应理论模式弥补了单纯运用关联模式所造成的描述力不足和单纯运用顺应模式解释力不足的缺陷,分别从说话者和听话者的角度来阐释言语理解的过程。本研究正是在关联论和顺应论的基础上结合临时语境的建构过程形成了新的关联-顺应理论模式,即说话者在关联意识的引导下,顺应语言语境,情景语境和背景语境作出发话行为,同时听话者为寻求最佳关联,构建临时语境,从而在语义缩小和扩大的过程中进行语用推理,构建临时语义,推测出说话者的言外之义。本文正是基于此理论框架,通过英汉例释探讨动态语境中词义的理解过程和理解机制。研究表明,词义的识解是人们在关联期待的制约下,依据语境信息构建临时语境,顺势依据语用触发语选择特定的理解方式,对词汇的字面意义进行语用缩小与扩大,从而在语言提示的基础上,形成临时语义,捕捉说话者的意图,以使说话者和听话者在策略选择上达到相互顺应的状态。临时语义的显著特征以及英汉两种语言在语义调整方面的异同对语言教学和语言习得有着重要的启发意义。此外,对该语言现象的分析在一定程度上奠定了人们了解语言产生的政治、经济、文化及社会环境的研究基础。

论文目录

• Abstract
• 摘要
• List of Figures
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Background
• 1.2 Significance
• 1.3 Objectives
• 1.4 Organization of the Paper
• Chapter Two Literature Review
• 2.1 Previous Studies of Word Meaning Abroad
• 2.1.1 Studies of Word Meaning Outside the Domain of Pragmatics
• 2.1.1.1 Referential Theory in Philosophy on Word Meaning
• 2.1.1.2 Lexical Semantics on Word Meaning
• 2.1.1.3 Studies of Word Meaning in Cognitive Linguistics
• 2.1.2 Studies of Word Meaning in the Domain of Pragmatics
• 2.1.2.1 G rice's Conversational Implicature Theory
• 2.1.2.2 Relevance-Theoretic Account of Lexical Pragmatics
• 2.1.2.3 Optimality-Theoretic Approach to Lexical Pragmatics
• 2.1.2.4 Default Inference Theory
• 2.2 Previous Studies of Word Meaning at Home
• 2.2.1 Xu Shenghuan's Study
• 2.2.2 Chen Xinren's Study
• 2.2.3 Ran Yongping's Study
• 2.3 Summary
• Chapter Three Theoretical Framework
• 3.1 Basic Notions
• 3.1.1 Lexical A djustment
• 3.1.2 Ad hoc Concepts
• 3.2 Relevant Theories
• 3.2.1 Relevance Theory
• 3.2.2 Adaptation Theory
• 3.2.3 Relevance-Adaptation Model
• 3.2.3.1 Yang Ping's Relevance-Adaptation Model
• 3.2.3.2 Ran Yongping's Relevance-Adaptation Model
• 3.3 Framework of Present Study
• 3.4 Summary
• Chapter Four Narrowing of Word Meaning in English and Chinese
• 4.1 Lexical Adjustment Comprehension Procedure
• 4.1.1 Necessity of Lexical Adjustment
• 4.1.2 Construction of Ad Hoc Context
• 4.1.3 Lexical Adjustment Comprehension Procedure
• 4.1.4 Summary
• 4.2 Interpretation of Narrowed Word Meaning of English and Chinese
• 4.2.1 Narrowing of Polysemous Nouns
• 4.2.2 Narrowing of Adjectives
• 4.2.3 Narrowing of Verbs
• 4.2.4 Summary
• Chapter Five Broadening of Word Meaning in English and Chinese
• 5.1 Approximation
• 5.2 Category Extension
• 5.3 Metaphorical Extension
• 5.4 Features of Ad Hoc Concepts
• 5.4.1 Contextual-instantaneousness
• 5.4.2 Flexibility
• 5.4.3 Different Developing Tendencies
• 5.5 Summary
• Chapter Six Conclusion
• 6.1 Major Findings
• 6.2 Implications
• 6.3 Limitations and Suggestions
• References
• Acknowledgements
• 在读期间发表的学术论文及研究成果