适者与不适者的挣扎 ——《嘉莉妹妹》和《蜗居》的比较研究

论文摘要

本文旨在比较《嘉莉妹妹》中的嘉莉和《蜗居》中的郭海藻这两位女性在商品社会中的痛苦挣扎。前者生活在20世纪初的美国而后者在21世纪初的中国，二者都生活在相似的商品化和工业化的社会背景之下。面对大都市生活中梦想与现实的激烈碰撞，嘉莉与海藻都选择了相似的实现梦想的方式，而等待她们的无疑都是悲惨的结局。本文借助达尔文主义和斯宾塞的社会达尔文主义阐述以上两位女性多舛悲惨的命运并解析导致其堕落的综合原因。文章由五部分组成。第一部分作者介绍西奥多·德莱塞，六六两位作者和他们的作品以及国内外最新研究成果，同时提出论点。第二部分导入论文的理论基础，通过对理论的介绍及其发展的阐述，来探讨两位女性堕落命运的理论支撑。第三部分从自然和社会两个角度来分析，在追寻梦想的道路上，嘉莉妹妹和郭海藻如何造就不适者的悲剧形象。第四部分阐述了两人在挣脱不适者身份进而成为适者的过程中的成功与失败。两者在大城市中挣扎着想要成功的历程布满危机与堕落，同时也注定了悲惨的命运。作为文章的结尾，第五部分指出嘉莉和海藻的命运着实为现代女性敲响了警钟，她们一步步堕落的过程，向人们昭示着对物质无限的贪求最终必然导致个人梦想的破碎。当代女性应以嘉莉和海藻的命运轨迹引以为戒，寻找一条适合自己的奋斗道路。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 An Introduction to Theodore Dreiser and His Works
• 1.2 An Introduction to Liu Liu and Woju
• 1.3 Literary Review
• 1.3.1 The latest findings at home
• 1.3.2 The latest findings at abroad
• 1.4 Thesis Statement
• Chapter Two The Theoretical Foundation
• 2.1 Naturalism
• 2.2 The Background of Naturalism as a Theory
• 2.2.1 Darwinism
• 2.2.2 Social Darwinism of Herbert Spencer
• 2.3 The Evolving of Naturalism under the Background of Social Darwinism
• 2.4 The Feasibility of Naturalism for the Analysis of the Two Characters
• Chapter Three The Unfit Girls
• 3.1 The Unfit Girls in Nature
• 3.1.1 Carrie, a Complex Girl in the Society
• 3.1.2 Haizao as a Country and Intellectual Girl
• 3.2 The Unfit Girls in the Societies
• 3.2.1 Carrie, a Dreamer
• 3.2.2 Haizao, a Loser
• 3.3 The Unfit Girls in their Dreams
• 3.3.1 Carrie’s Sense of Failure
• 3.3.2 Haizao, a Small Potato Coated with Gold
• Chapter Four “Success” and Failure of the “Fittest”
• 4.1 Carrie’s “Success” as a “Fittest”
• 4.1.1 Carrie as a Mistress and a Property
• 4.1.2 Carrie as a Mistress and an Actress
• 4.2 Haizao’s “Success” as a “Fittest”
• 4.2.1 Haizao’s Success as a Shy Mistress for Wealth
• 4.2.2 Haizao’s Success as a Shameless Mistress for Money
• 4.3 The Failure of “the Fittest”
• 4.3.1 Carrie as a Failure Facing Soap Bulbs in Life
• 4.3.2 Carrie’s Bitterness after Waking-up from the Dream
• 4.4 Haizao’s Failure in life
• 4.4.1 Haizao’s Painful Pursuit for the Wealth
• 4.4.2 Haizao’s Tragic Ending as a Fate
• Chapter Five Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Acknowledgements