论英汉句法象似性差异视角下的翻译转换机制的合理性

论文摘要

句法转换,作为一种翻译现象普遍存在于翻译过程中。许多语言学家和翻译家针对转换进行了比较深入的研究,归纳出许多实用的翻译技巧。然而,对于翻译中转换的研究大多局限于探究转换方法本身,很少探究这种翻译技巧背后的“所以然”,也即其深层的理论依据。翻译转换机制是什么呢?从语言学上如何给予系统的解释?本文以认知语言学中的句法象似性理论为基础,对英汉句法结构在象似性方面的异同进行分析对比,找出两种语言在句法象似性上的差异度,进而为翻译过程中的句法转换机制提供合理的依据。语言的象似性是指语言结构与人的经验结构或概念结构的相似。本文主要关注句法象似性,涉及其中四条主要原则:顺序象似性、距离象似性、数量象似性、标记象似性。后三项原则主要解释了英汉语各自在词汇等层面的象似性和体现在语用、修辞、文体等方面的差异,而英汉语句法象似性的显著差异主要体现在句子组织结构的顺序象似性原则上,并运用丰富的实例,进一步从时间、空间和逻辑三方面进行了差异分析。象似性普遍存在于各种语言中,但不同的语言其象似度不同。英语和汉语之所以存在句法结构象似性的各种差异,是因为这两种语言所拥有的组织信息的语言资源和手段不同,即汉语在句子组织上主要依赖语序和虚词或功能词,而英语除利用语序和功能词外,还拥有形态手段。因此,在组织信息进行表达时,英语在句子组织上就更灵活;反之,汉语对象似性的依赖更强,英语的抽象性更强。为了阐明在翻译过程中的句法转换规律的合理性,本文把英汉句法转换分为四种情况进行了论述,i)不转换就不可译;ii)不转换也可译,但在目的语中完全不被接受;iii)不转换也可译,在目的语中可以被理解,是非常态表达;iv)常态转换,符合目的语的常态表达方式。当然,在翻译过程中,还存在其他原则干预象似性原则,本文从三个方面进行了补充分析,进一步解释句法转换在翻译中的合理运用,为转换方法提供理论依据,用以指导翻译实践和翻译教学。

论文目录

• 摘要
• ABSTRACT
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Background of the Study
• 1.2 Significance of the Study
• 1.3 The Thesis Statement
• 1.4 Layout of the Thesis
• Chapter Two Literature Review
• 2.1 The Argument Between Arbitrariness and Iconicity
• 2.1.1 The Stage of Two Theories at a Deadlock （from ancient Greek to late in the 19th century）
• 2.1.2 The Stage of Saussure （from the early 20th century to the 1960s）
• 2.1.3 The Stage of Post-Saussure （the 1960s-now）
• 2.2 The Review on Syntactic Iconicity
• 2.3 Previous Researches Related to Translation Studies and Their Limitations
• Chapter Three The Theory of Iconicity and the Syntactic Iconicity
• 3.1 The Theory of Iconicity
• 3.1.1 The Theory of Iconicity Demonstrated by Saussure
• 3.1.2 The Definition of Iconicity
• 3.2 The General Idea of Syntactic Iconicity
• 3.3 Different Principles of Syntactic Iconicity
• 3.3.1 The Principle of Distance Iconicity
• 3.3.2 The Principle of Quantity Iconicity
• 3.3.3 The Principle of Markedness Iconicity
• 3.3.4 The Principle of Sequence Iconicity
• 3.4 Summary
• Chapter Four Contrastive Analysis of Syntactic Iconicity Between English and Chinese
• 4.1 Different Degrees of Iconicity in Syntactic Structure
• 4.1.1 The Relation Between Language and Thought
• 4.1.2 Different Degrees of Iconicity
• 4.2 The Salient Different Principle of Syntactic Iconicity Between English and Chinese
• 4.2.1 The Salient Difference Demonstrated in the Sequence Principle
• 4.2.2 The Classification of Main Differences of Sequence Iconicity
• Chapter Five The Justification of Transformation in Translation from the Perspective of the Iconicity of Syntax
• 5.1 Senseless Translation without Syntactic Transformation
• 5.2 Unacceptable Translation without Syntactic Transformation
• 5.3 Acceptable but Marked Translation with Inadequate Transformation
• 5.4 Unmarked Translation with Adequate Syntactic Transformation
• 5.4.1 The Unmarked Sequence of Information
• 5.4.2 Sequencing Various Relations
• 5.5 Other Principles that Underlie Syntactic Transformation
• 5.5.1 End Focus VS Weighting Principle
• 5.5.2 The Stylistic Configuration against the Principle of Iconicity
• 5.5.3 Different Modes of Thinking against the Principle of Iconicity
• 5.6 Summary
• Chapter Six Conclusion
• 6.1 Implications of the Research
• 6.2 Limitations of the Research
• Acknowledgements
• References
• APPENDIX