基于法兰克福学派批评理论对媒体意识形态的跨文化分析 ——以中、英、美对世博会的新闻报道为例

论文摘要

本文试图从法兰克福学派的媒介控制思想角度对比对于同一事件,中,英,美三国媒体报道有什么不同,分析经意识形态的滤镜不同国家作者对同一事件的理解。不同的经济基础、社会环境、文化价值取向使得东西方在意识形态方面存在巨大差异。本文运用法兰克福学派的批评理论来分析中外报道意识形态的差异。作为“新马克思主义”的典型,法兰克福学派的社会批判理论否定一切事物,同时又把关于一切事物的真理包含在自身之中。在文化传播方面,法兰克福学派认为：媒体是被国家利用的维护意识形态、传递统治阶级意志的工具,甚至媒体本身就是意识形态。论文中的解码工具是斯图尔特·霍尔的沟通理论,编码-解码理论用来诠释读者对于媒体报道的解读,评估新闻报道的传播效果,揭示意识形态是如何通过语言传递给读者的。本文通过比较中,英,美三国媒体对世博会的报道,如《中国日报》,《纽约时报》,《洛杉矶时报》,《每日电讯报》,《星期日电讯报》,《泰晤士报》,《星期日泰晤士报》,探究报道语言后面的意识形态。本研究分为三部分,第一部分通过CoOccurrence软件对三国新闻报道的标题进行对比研究,选取146个中国新闻标题,86个英国新闻标题以及34个美国新闻标题。第二部分通过该软件对选取的新闻报道正文进行分析,其中包括152篇来自中国的报道,60篇来自英国的报道以及50篇来自美国的报道。第三部分则是选取三国媒体对于相同主题的报道,通过对比,分析隐藏在语言下的意识形态。本文得出的结论有三个方面：一是语篇策略方面。来自中国的报道惯用辩论语篇策略,直白地表明中方立场；英美的报道则多用叙述语篇形式,通过对事实的取舍传播其意识形态。二是词语选择方面。来自中国的报道偏重虚词的使用,而英美报道重实词,特别是名词的使用。三是叙述角度方面。来自中国的报道多从政府视角出发,报导政府对世博会采取的措施及成绩；英美的报导则喜从游客角度来报导世博场馆,参观措施等。论文最后总结中外媒体报道在语言层面与报道策略上的区别,并指出了本研究的局限。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Chapter One Introduction
• 1.1 Research Background
• 1.2 Significance and Objective of the Research
• 1.3 Introduction to the Framework of the Thesis
• Chapter Two Literature Review and Theoretical Framework
• 2.1 Frankfurt School and Critical Theory
• 2.1.1 A Brief Introduction to Frankfurt School
• 2.1.2 Representatives of Frankfurt School
• 2.1.2.1 About Max Horkheimer
• 2.1.2.2 About Herbert Marcuse
• 2.1.2.3 About Jurgen Habermas
• 2.1.3 Critical Theory by Frankfurt School
• 2.1.3.1 The Definition and Main Features of Critical Theory
• 2.1.3.2 Critical Theory and Mass Communication
• 2.1.3.3 Cultural Industries and Ideology
• 2.2 Stuart Hall's Communication Theory
• 2.2.1 The Process of Transmission
• 2.2.2 Three Hypotheses Based on Decoding
• 2.2.3 Two Principles of Culture Identity Recognition
• Chapter Three Research Method, Data Collection and Selection
• 3.1 Research Method and Data Sources
• 3.1.1 Research Method
• 3.1.2 Sources of Data
• 3.1.3 Data Selection about Shanghai World Expo 2010
• 3.2 China Daily and Western Media
• 3.2.1 China Daily and Its Development
• 3.2.1.1 About China Daily
• 3.2.1.2 About the Sub-Branch and the Development of China Daily
• 3.2.2 About Western Media
• 3.2.2.1 Major American Media
• 3.2.2.2 Major British Media
• 3.3 A Brief Summary of the Chapter
• Chapter Four Analysis on the Ideology of Expo News reports
• 4.1 Case One:A Corpus-Based Research on Expo-Related News reports
• 4.1.1 About the World Expo
• 4.1.2 About Shanghai World Expo 2010
• 4.2 Case One:A Corpus-Based Research on Shanghai Expo Related News Reports
• 4.2.1 A Brief Introduction to the Tools of Research
• 4.2.2 A General Comparison on Headlines
• 4.2.2.1 Headlines Selected from Chinese Media
• 4.2.2.2 Headlines Selected from British Media
• 4.2.2.3 Headlines Selected from American Media
• 4.2.2.4 Brief Summary of the Comparison
• 4.2.3 A General Comparison on Discourses
• 4.2.3.1 Reports from Chinese Media
• 4.2.3.2 Reports from British Media
• 4.2.3.3 Reports from American Media
• 4.2.3.4 Brief Summary of the Comparison
• 4.3 Case Two:Intercultural Analysis on News reports during Expo Period in 2010
• 4.3.1 A Comparison of News Reports on the Same Topic
• 4.3.1.1 Analysis of News Reports on Pavilions
• 4.3.1.2 Analysis on Opening Ceremony
• 4.3.1.3 Analysis on Remarks on China
• 4.3.1.4 Analysis on the Waiting Line
• 4.3.1.5 Analysis on News reports Concerning People
• 4.3.2 Comparison of Ideology Transmission
• 4.3.2.1 Argumentative Approach
• 4.3.2.2 Narrative Approach
• 4.4 Summary of the Chapter
• Chapter Five Conclusion and Implication
• 5.1 Findings and Conclusion
• 5.2 Limitations
• 5.3 Speculations on Future Study
• Bibliography
• Acknowledgements