论文摘要
尽管汉语属量词标记型语言,而英语则属单复数标记型语言,但表量结构这一语言现象却为这两种语言所共有,用于对名词所代表的事物进行度量。随着人类物质生活的日益发达和精神生活的日益丰富,出现了越来越多灵活多变的名量之间的异常搭配,即在特定的情况下,人们故意违反名量之间的常规语义搭配规则,为达到一定的语用目的而使用的隐喻性名量搭配。本文借用隐喻理论中的相关研究成果为理论支撑,拟探讨英汉表量结构中异常搭配背后的隐喻构建机制和解读机制。本文的研究将有助于促进量词研究及英汉语言对比研究的发展。全文共分七章。第一章主要介绍本文的研究背景、目的和意义,以及文章的组织结构。第二章为文献综述,介绍表量结构的研究现状以及研究表量结构异常搭配的所需的相关理论。第三章根据异常搭配表量结构中量词词性的来源对其进行分类。第四章以表量结构中名量之间的隐喻性搭配关系为基础,借用映射关系图式和概念整合图式分析名量异常搭配的隐喻构建机制及其相应的解读机制。第五章探讨表量结构中名量异常搭配的主要语用功能。第六章分析表量结构中名量异常搭配的主要认知理据。第七章为结论。通过分析探讨,我们得出以下结论:首先,在异常搭配的表量结构中,量词的使用表达了使用者对名词的认知过程,名量之间的隐喻性搭配关系所反映的是人们对名词所代表的范畴的理解和认识,是两个意象之间的映射关系。其次,不管是量词标记型的汉语系统还是单复数标记型的英语体系,其中的表量结构名量之间的异常搭配关系遵循着同样的认知模式,即静态意象模式(其中包括显性和隐性两种意象模式)和动态意象模式(其中包括主动和被动两种意象模式);同时也遵循着同样的认知规律,即事物的属性不是选用量词进行分类的唯一标准,而更多的是事物与事物之间的关系。对于量词的选择是由两个语言成分(名词和量词)所指之间的关系本质所决定的。
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