从功能派翻译理论的角度评析《红楼梦》两个英译本的诗词翻译

论文摘要

古典小说《红楼梦》是悠久灿烂的中华文化的杰出代表之一,其中两百余篇优美的古典诗词曲赋蕴含着丰富的中国传统文化因素。《红楼梦》这部小说及其中诗词的翻译对我国和世界其他国家之间的文化交流做出了突出的贡献。20世纪70至80年代,出现了两个影响较大的《红楼梦》英译本:霍译本(David Hawkes＆John Minford)和杨译本(杨宪益、戴乃迭)。随着《红楼梦》的翻译出版,出现了《红楼梦》翻译批评和研究的大好形势。很多学者曾运用不同的翻译理论研究《红楼梦》这部小说及其中诗词的翻译。然而,迄今为止,运用德国功能学派翻译理论来专门指导《红楼梦》中诗歌的翻译研究的情况尚未见到。本文尝试应用德国功能学派翻译理论对《红楼梦》诗词翻译进行初步的探讨,通过对杨霍两英译本的诗词翻译进行对比研究,分析两译者不同的翻译策略,并对这一研究进行理论总结,这是本篇论文的创新点。本文首先简要介绍了《红楼梦》诗词及其在小说中的重要地位,并将《红楼梦》诗词按其在小说中的文学功能特征分为五大类,接下来介绍了文学翻译和诗歌翻译的特征,并着重研究诗歌的可译性,之后详细介绍了德国功能派翻译理论,重点介绍目的论和忠诚原则。然后按照诗词功能的五个方面,运用功能派理论对两个译本的诗词翻译以及译者的不同的翻译策略进行了详细的对比分析,引用了十四个《红楼梦》诗词案例。最后得出结论:《红楼梦》两译本体现了翻译目的对翻译策略的影响,不同的翻译目的决定了两个译本采取了不同的翻译策略和翻译原则。杨译的翻译目的是传达文化价值,重在译文的文化传播功能;而霍译的翻译目的是传达审美愉悦和读者的可接受性,重在译文的文字自然流畅。因此,两译本采取了不同的翻译策略,重在传达中国传统文化的特色的杨译倾向于异化。考虑可读性与可接受性的霍译因倾向于归化。两位译者都尽力本着忠实于原文和忠实于读者的态度,遵从了忠诚原则,再现了原文诗歌的主旨,风格和意境。研究结果证明,德国功能学派翻译理论对指导《红楼梦》诗词翻译的研究很有帮助,并对这一领域的研究有所促进。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• 摘要
• Abstract
• Chapter Ⅰ Introduction
• 1.1 Literature Review
• 1.2 An Introduction to Verses in Hong Lou Meng
• 1.2.1 A Brief Introduction to HLM
• 1.2.2 An Introduction to Verses in HLM
• 1.2.2.1 The Artistic Value of Verses in HLM
• 1.2.2.2 Functions of Verses in HLM
• Chapter Ⅱ Poetry Translation
• 2.1 Translatability and Literary Translation
• 2.2 Poetry Translation
• 2.2.1 The Translatability of Poems
• 2.2.2 The Specialty of Poetry Translation
• Chapter Ⅲ Functionalist Translation Theory as Guideline for the Thesis
• 3.1 An Introduction to Functionalist Theory
• 3.2 Skopostheorie
• 3.2.1 Skopos,Aim,Purpose,Intention,Function and Translation Brief
• 3.2.2 Intratextual and Intertextual Coherence
• 3.2.3 The Concept of Culture and Culture-Specificity
• 3.2.4 Adequacy and Equivalence
• 3.2.5 The Role of Text Classification
• 3.3 Functionalism in Literary Translation
• 3.3.1 Actional Aspects of Literary Communication
• 3.3.2 Literary Communication across Culture Barriers
• 3.3.3 Skopos and Assignment in Literary Translation
• 3.4 Function plus Loyalty
• 3.4.1 The Translation Purpose Justifies the Translation Process
• 3.4.2 The Coherence Rule
• 3.4.3 The Loyalty Principle
• Chapter Ⅳ A comparative Study of Poems in the Yang's Version and in David Hawkes',Based on Functionalist Theory
• 4.1 An Introduction to the Two Versions of HLM
• 4.2 Functionalist Approach to the Poetry Translation in the Two Versions
• 4.2.1 The Agents Involved in the Translation Process
• 4.2.2 Different Skopos for the Two Versions
• 4.2.3 Different Translation Strategies Adopted in the Two Versions Decided by Different Skopos
• 4.2.3.1 Foreignization and Domestication
• 4.2.3.2 Foreignization and Domestication in the Poetry Translation in the Two Versions
• 4.3 A Comparative Study of the Poetry Translation in the Two Versions
• 4.3.1 To Give Prominence to the Characterization of Characters
• 4.3.2 To Predict the Destiny of Characters
• 4.3.3 To Predict the Tragic Ending of the Story and Correspond to the Tragic Theme
• 4.3.4 To Reflect the Contemporary Spiritual and Cultural Life
• 4.3.5 To Satirize the Corruption and the Moral Degeneration of Qing Dynasty
• 4.4 Summary
• Chapter Ⅴ Conclusion
• Bibliography