论文摘要
中国已成为世界上出国留学人数最多的国家,截止2007年底,出国留学人数达到121万多。如此众多的中国留学生在国外学习与生活,他们与东道国国民交流存在问题吗?本论文研究的问题主要有两个:中国留学生自认为哪些方面影响他们与东道国国民交流时焦虑与不确定性的程度?他们是如何应对过高程度的焦虑与不确定性?本论文分为三章,导论后,第一章讨论了文化尺度,跨文化交际,对两个重要术语焦虑与不确定性进行解释,最后介绍了Berger&Calabrese的减少不确定性理论和Gudykunst的焦虑/不确定性管理理论;第二章对本论文使用的研究方法进行了介绍,通过问卷、电子日记和网上MSN视频采访的形式对在英国的10名中国留学生和在韩国的10名中国留学生进行研究;第三章汇报和讨论了研究结果;最后结论部分描述了主要研究结果,研究意义,研究的局限性以及对未来研究的建议。研究结果表明:外语能力对两组研究对象与东道国国民交流时焦虑与不确定性的程度影响都很大;东道国国民的态度对两组研究对象的焦虑程度影响很大;而在文化差异对焦虑与不确定性程度的影响上,两组结论不同:中国属于集体主义文化与高语境文化,英国属于个人主义文化与低语境文化,文化上的较大差异对英国组研究对象的焦虑与不确定性程度影响都很大。韩国属于集体主义文化与高语境文化,文化上的相似性对韩国组研究对象的不确定性程度影响很大,而对他们的焦虑程度影响不大。中国留学生主要通过有意识或无意识的培养跨文化意识,留心,积极期待,容忍模糊性等心理调整以及与东道国国民在高质量接触的基础上增加接触的数量来降低过高程度的焦虑与不确定性。另外,中国留学生通过跨文化适应这种自然的方式来降低过高程度的焦虑与不确定性,即随着在东道国停留时间的增长逐渐适应在东道国的学习与生活。通过互联网进行跨文化交际研究,具有低成本,不受国家、地理位置等因素限制的优点,使国内更多的人能够以在国外的中国旅居者和移民为对象进行研究。语音问题突出,成为影响中国留学生焦虑与不确定性程度的重要方面,国内外语教师和管理者应充分认识到语音训练的重要性和必要性。大学及相关部门应对预备出国留学的中国学生进行跨文化培训,尤其帮助他们进行心理调整,提高他们的跨文化交际能力,以便更好地适应在国外的学习和生活。
论文目录
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