对英汉两种语言中HEAD HAND HEART隐喻用法的认知研究

论文摘要

由于人类的认知规律是由远及近,由实体到非实体,由简单到复杂,由具体到抽象,这就决定了人体器官是人类认识世界的基础。在认知语言学理论框架的指导下,运用莱考夫和约翰逊的概念隐喻理论,本文对三个人体词语“头”“手”“心”进行了英汉两种语言对比研究并找出其相同点和不同点。并用Chi-square Test来证明了这些结论。用于本文分析的全部数据除了直接来源于英、汉两种词典里面对“头”“手”“心”词语的解释,还有一些二手语料,主要来源于期刊文章和硕士研究生毕业论文。这些语料主要是短语、习语和句子。一共704条,285条英语语料和419条汉语语料。关于“头”“手”“心”隐喻用法的英、汉两种语言对比研究主要是通过不同的隐喻投射形式来完成的。研究表明,英汉人体隐喻表达之间相似性大于差异性,尤其是在从人体域到非人体域的投射和从非人体域到人体域的投射这两种形式上。这是因为英汉人体隐喻同样源于身体经验,具有共同的生理、心理基础,即认知的普遍性。同时,英汉人体隐喻在表达上也存在一定的差异,特别是在汉语里面存在着用人体部位之间的投射来喻指事物之间的关系或社会关系,而英语中则出现了空缺。而且在这种隐喻表达中汉语中的习语和成语要远远多于英语。这主要是由于文化的相对性造成的。本文在一定程度上弥补了目前对于人体隐喻研究的不足,同时进一步证实了隐喻的认知本质和人类思维的隐喻性。另外,这项研究将在一定程度上对语言的词汇教学,修辞教学起到指导作用。

论文目录

• 摘要
• Abstract
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Background to the Study
• 1.2 Purpose and Significance of the Study
• 1.3 Organization of the Study
• Chapter 2 Literature Review
• 2.1 Classical Views on Metaphor
• 2.2 A Cognitive Approach to Metaphor
• 2.2.1 The Conceptual Metaphor Theory
• 2.2.2 The Classification of Conceptual Metaphor
• 2.2.3 Culture Reflected in Metaphor
• 2.3 Cognition of body metaphor
• 2.3.1 Working Mechanism of Body Metaphor
• 2.3.2 Features of Body Metaphorical Cognition
• 2.4 Mapping Models of Body Metaphor
• 2.4.1 Mapping from Body Domain to Non-body Domain
• 2.4.2 Mapping from Non-body Domain to Body Domain
• 2.4.3 Mapping within Human Body Domain
• 2.4.4 Mapping from Relationship between Different Body Parts to Relationship between Things or Persons
• 2.5 Other Studies of Body Metaphor from Cognitive Approach
• 2.5.1 Previous Studies of Body Metaphor in English and Chinese
• 2.5.2 Previous Studies of HEAD,HAND and HEART
• Chapter 3 Research Methodology and Data Collection
• 3.1 Research Methodology
• 3.2 Data Collection
• Chapter 4 Data Analysis of Metaphorical Uses of HEAD,HAND and HEART in English and Chinese
• 4.1 Data Classification
• 4.2 Classification of Mapping Models of HEAD,HAND and HEART
• 4.3 Metaphorical Uses of HEAD
• 4.3.1 Mapping from HEAD to Non-body Domain
• 4.3.2 Mapping between HEAD and Other Body Parts
• 4.4 Metaphorical Uses of HAND
• 4.4.1 Mapping from HAND to Non-body Domain
• 4.4.2 Mapping from Non-body Domain to HAND
• 4.4.3 Mapping between HAND and Other Body Parts
• 4.5 Metaphorical Uses of HEART
• 4.5.1 Mapping from HEART to Non-body Domain
• 4.5.2 Mapping from Non-body Domain to HEART
• 4.5.3 Mapping between HEART and Other Body Parts
• 4.6 Analysis of Similarities and Differences of Metaphorical Use of HEAD,HAND and HEART in English and Chinese
• 4.6.1 Similarities and Differences
• 4.6.2 Analysis of Similarities and Differences
• Chapter 5 Conclusion
• 5.1 Main Findings of the Research
• 5.2 Significance of the Study
• 5.3 Limitations of the Study
• References
• Appendix
• Acknowledgments
• Resume