以利奇和顾曰国为代表的英汉礼貌原则比较研究及其对跨文化交际的启示

论文摘要

礼貌是判断处在一定文化中的人们的言行的社会标尺。作为一种普遍的社会现象,礼貌存在于各种语言、各种文化中。它制约着人们的言行,协调着人们的社会关系和交际活动。在全球化的今天,跨文化交际日益频繁,然而由于文化的差异,对礼貌的表达和理解不同,导致误会与冲突日益突出。鉴于此,通过比较研究以利奇和顾曰国为代表的英汉礼貌原则及其对跨文化交际的启示无疑会增强交际者的跨文化意识,减少语用失误,帮助交际者达到有效的交际目的。一方面,由于礼貌的普遍属性、共同的情感需要及共同的社会交际需要,英汉礼貌原则在语用和具体准则两个层面存在相似点,例如:等级性、矛盾性、合适性、目的导向性以及关系一致性。另一方面,由于个人主义与集体主义、家庭结构的简单与复杂、隐私与态度热情、等级与平等观念的不同,英汉礼貌原则在贬己尊人准则的侧重点、与道德的关系以及称呼准则这三个方面存在较大差异。同时我们也要看到,随着中西方文化交流的不断推进,汉语礼貌原则出现了一些深刻变化:越来越突出自我意识、自由平等意识和隐私意识,礼貌形式进一步简化甚至缺失。本文主要运用对比分析的方法进行研究,除此之外还运用了下定义、举例子、归纳、演绎和图表等方法。本文共分九章。第一章引言部分指出该研究的目的、意义和主要内容,介绍研究方法及论文框架。第二章是文献综述,回顾了国内外关于礼貌原则的研究。第三章介绍了利奇的英语礼貌原则和顾曰国的汉语礼貌原则。第四章通过对比分析的方法区别了英汉礼貌原则的差异。第五章讨论了英汉礼貌原则的相似点。第六章探索了造成其差异及相似点的原因。第七章指出汉语礼貌原则呈现出一些深刻变化。第八章是对跨文化交际的启示。第六章是结论,总结全文,指出本研究的局限性并给出进一步研究的建议。

论文目录

• Abstract in English
• Abstract in Chinese
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 The General Purpose and Significance of the Present Study
• 1.2 The Main Contents of the Study
• 1.3 Methodology of the Thesis
• 1.4 Organization of the Thesis
• Chapter 2 Literature Review
• 2.1 Definitions of Politeness and the Politeness Principle
• 2.2 A Brief Survey on the Politeness Principle Abroad
• 2.3 A Brief Survey on the Politeness Principle at Home
• 2.4 Summary
• Chapter 3 The English Politeness Principle Proposed by Geoffrey Leech and the Chinese One Proposed by Gu Yueguo
• 3.1 The English Politeness Principle Proposed by Geoffrey Leech
• 3.1.1 Tact Maxim
• 3.1.2 Generosity Maxim
• 3.1.3 Approbation Maxim
• 3.1.4 Modesty Maxim
• 3.1.5 Agreement Maxim
• 3.1.6 Sympathy Maxim
• 3.2 The Chinese Politeness Principle Proposed by Gu Yueguo
• 3.2.1 Self-denigration and Other-elevation Maxim
• 3.2.2 Address Maxim
• 3.2.3 Refinement Maxim
• 3.2.4 Agreement Maxim
• 3.2.5 Virtue-word-behavior Maxim
• 3.3 Summary
• Chapter 4 Differences between the English Politeness Principle and the Chinese One
• 4.1 Different Emphases of Self-denigration and Other-elevation Maxim
• 4.2 Different Relationships to Moral
• 4.3 Differences in Address Maxim
• 4.4 Summary
• Chapter 5 Similarities between the English Politeness Principle and the Chinese One
• 5.1 Common Grounds at the Pragmatic Level
• 5.1.1 Scales
• 5.1.2 Conflicts between Different Principles
• 5.1.3 The Appropriateness
• 5.1.4 The Goal-orientation
• 5.1.5 The Agreement about Relationship
• 5.2 Common Grounds at the Level of the Specific Maxims
• 5.3 Summary
• Chapter 6 Reasons for Differences and Similarities between the English Politeness Principle and the Chinese One
• 6.1 Reasons for Differences between the English Politeness Principle and the Chinese One
• 6.1.1 The Individualism versus Collectivism
• 6.1.2 The Family Structure: Simple versus Complicated
• 6.1.3 The Privacy versus Attitudinal Warmth
• 6.1.4 The Sense of Hierarchy versus Equality
• 6.2 Reasons for Similarities between the English Politeness Principle and the Chinese One
• 6.2.1 The Universal Nature of Politeness
• 6.2.2 The Common Emotional Need
• 6.2.3 The Common Social Communication Need
• 6.3 Summary
• Chapter 7 Changes of the Chinese Politeness Principle
• 7.1 The Change in the Self -awareness （in Compliment）
• 7.2 The Change in the Sense of Freedom and Equality （in Request）
• 7.3 The Change in the Awareness of Privacy （in Greeting）
• 7.4 The Change in Politeness Forms: Simplifying and Even Missing
• 7.5 Summary
• Chapter 8 Implications for Cross-cultural Communication
• 8.1 Implications for Cross-cultural Communication
• 8.2 Summary
• Chapter 9 Conclusion
• 9.1 Summary of the Whole Study
• 9.2 Limitations of the Present Study
• 9.3 Suggestions for Future Study
• Bibliography
• Acknowledgements
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