英汉称谓语的比较与翻译

论文摘要

称谓语是人们日常生活和文学作品中不可或缺的重要组成部分。由于语言、文化背景和社会结构的不同,英汉称谓语之间存在着明显的差异。对英汉称谓语比较的研究,不仅是人类学家、语言学家一直颇感兴趣的研究领域,而且,在全球化的今天,对跨文化交际者特别是翻译工作者尤为重要。古今中外,对称谓语的定义向来众口不一,对其分类历来就有很多种。作者通过考查中外学者对称谓语比较的研究,拟将称谓语分成两大类即亲属称谓语和社会称谓语。在区分性别、长幼辈份、宗族非宗族、血亲姻亲、父系母系上,汉语亲属称谓语比英语亲属称谓语繁杂细致。就社会称谓语,作者从自称(包括谦称、平称和傲称)和他称(包括尊称、平称、昵称、蔑称和零称)的角度进行系统的比较,无论是自称还是他称,汉语称谓语在数量上远远超过了英语称谓语。文化、语言和社会的不同导致了英汉称谓语的不同,这就给跨文化交际和翻译工作者带来了极大的挑战,对英汉称谓语进行完全等值的翻译似乎相当困难。然而,值得欣慰的是,作者发现现实生活和文学作品中不乏优秀的翻译,因而从中选取了一些相对典型的例子,并对其进行了较为详细的分析和论述,得出的结论是:我们可以根据具体的语境,使用合理可行的翻译理论和策略,找出最佳翻译方法,从而达到等值翻译的目的。作者最后总结了对英汉称谓语比较和翻译研究的收获和不足,同时希望今后能有更多、更深入、更细致的研究。

论文目录

• Acknowledgements
• 内容摘要
• Abstract
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• 1.1 The Aim of the Research
• 1.2 The Significance of the Research
• 1.3 The Structure of the Thesis
• Chapter 2 A Comparison between Chinese Address Terms and English Address Terms
• 2.1 The Definition and Significance of Address Terms
• 2.2 The Types of Address Terms
• 2.2.1 Kinship Address Terms
• 2.2.1.1 Distinction of Sex
• 2.2.1.2 Distinction between Seniority and Juniority
• 2.2.1.3 Distinction between Patriarchal and Non-patriarchal Clans
• 2.1.1.4 Distinction between Consanguinity and Affinity
• 2.2.2 Social Address Terms
• 2.2.2.1 Self-address Terms
• 2.2.2.1.1 Self-abasing Terms
• 2.2.2.1.2 Plain Self-address Terms
• 2.2.2.1.3 Haughty Terms
• 2.2.2.2 Other-address Terms
• 2.2.2.2.1 Honorific Terms
• 2.2.2.2.2 Plain Other-address Terms
• 2.2.2.2.3 Endearing Terms
• 2.2.2.2.4 Abusive Terms
• 2.2.2.2.5 Zero Forms
• Chapter 3 Translation Theories and Strategies Applied to the Translation of Address Terms
• 3.1 Definition of Translation
• 3.2 Function of Translation
• 3.3 Translation Theories and Applications to the Translation of Address Terms
• 3.3.1 Nida’s Dynamic Equivalence and Its Application to the Translation of Address Terms
• 3.3.2 Newmark’s Semantic Translation and Communicative Translation and Its Application to the Translation of Address Terms
• 3.3.3 Vermeer’s Functional Skopos Theory and Its Application to the Translation of Address Terms
• 3.3.4 Bassnett’s Translation Theory and Its Application to the Translation of Address Terms
• 3.4 Translation Strategies
• 3.4.1 Literal Translation and Free Translation
• 3.4.2 Semantic Translation and Communicative Translation
• 3.4.3 Foreignizing Translation and Domesticating Translation
• 3.5 Context: a Key Factor on Translation of Address Terms
• 3.5.1 Definitions and Classifications of Context
• 3.5.2 The Significance of Context
• Chapter 4 Translation of Address Terms
• 4.1 Translation of Kinship Address Terms
• 4.1.1 Generalization and Specialization
• 4.1.2 Amplification
• 4.1.3 Conversion
• 4.1.4 Domestication and Foreignization
• 4.2 Translation of Social Address Terms
• 4.2.1 Translation of Self-address Terms
• 4.2.1.1 Translation of Self-abasing Terms
• 4.2.1.2 Translation of Plain Self-address Terms
• 4.2.1.3 Translation of Haughty Terms
• 4.2.2 Translation of Other-address Terms
• 4.2.2.1 Translation of Honorific Terms
• 4.2.2.2 Translation of Plain Other-address Terms
• 4.2.2.3 Translation of Endearing Terms
• 4.2.2.4 Translation of Abusive Terms
• Chapter 5 Conclusion
• 5.1 Major Findings of this Study
• 5.2 Implication of this Research
• 5.3 Limitations of this Study
• Bibliography