本文主要研究内容
作者杜常亮(2019)在《水肥耦合对延安地区大棚马铃薯产量和品质的影响》一文中研究指出:为了探明延安地区马铃薯生产体系下较优的灌溉流量、水量及较合理的肥料用量。本文以陕北地区大面积种植的“荷兰15号”脱毒种薯为材料,试验采用完全随机设计,以充分灌水(100%ET0)和当地推荐施肥量(F:N-P2O5-K2O为240-120-300 kg·hm-2)为基础,3个灌水量(W1:100%ET0;W2:80%ET0;W3:60%ET0)和3个施肥水平(F1:240-120-300 kg·hm-2;F2:180-90-225 kg·hm-2;F3:120-60-150 kg·hm-2),覆膜共组成9个处理(T1,100,240-120-300 kg·hm-2;T2,80%ET0,180-90-225 kg·hm-2;T3,60%ET0,120-60-150 kg·hm-2;T4,100%ET0,180-90-225 kg·hm-2;T5,80%ET0,120-60-150 kg·hm-2;T6,60%ET0,240-120-300kg·hm-2;T7,100%ET0,120-60-150 kg·hm-2;T8,80%ET0,240-120-300 kg·hm-2;T9,60%ET0,180-90-225 kg·hm-2),设置60%ET0灌水、不施肥和不覆膜处理为对照组(CK),共10个处理,通过收集实验数据,研究水肥耦合对马铃薯生长状况、产量和品质的调控,以及系统地探讨水肥耦合对土壤理化性质和土壤水分的影响。试验取得了以下主要结果:(1)水肥耦合对马铃薯地上部分生长具有显著的影响。在马铃薯的整个生育期内,肥料施用可以增加马铃薯的株高、茎粗、叶面积等生长性状,在出苗后7-21天,过量施肥对株高产生抑制作用,在出苗21后,马铃薯株高生长速率随着施肥量的增加呈现先增后降的变化趋势。另外,灌水对株高和茎粗影响并不显著。然而,合理灌水施肥可以提高叶片的叶绿素含量,T1处理的叶绿素含量为最高,其次是T9处理。因此,合理水肥可以增加叶片的叶绿素含量,同时可以增强酶活性促进光合作用,进而提高马铃薯产量。(2)不同灌溉施肥对马铃薯根下土壤水分含量及分布、各生长阶段的耗水和水分利用效率有显著的影响(p<0.05)。不同滴灌施水量导致水分积累土层的变化,灌水量越大,水分积累层不断向下迁移。当灌水量等于马铃薯所需水分时,土壤水分积累层则位于土壤上层(0-30cm)。另外,在马铃薯整个生育期内,灌水量与耗水量呈正相关;施肥量与耗水量先呈正相关再呈负相关关系。适量增加在幼苗期和淀粉积累期的灌水量,不仅有利于根部水分的吸收和利用,同时促进马铃薯产量增加和品质提高;另外,水分不足或者过量会阻碍马铃薯的生长。其中,T9处理产量增产率最高,说明T9处理可以完全满足马铃薯的水分需求,水肥配比合理,马铃薯产量提高效果最佳。(3)水肥耦合显著影响土壤理化性质。相同施肥量,pH值和速效钾含量与施水量呈负相关;电导率值、硝态氮含量、碱解氮含量和有机质含量与施水量呈不规律正相关;相同灌水量,pH值与施肥量呈现先负相关后正相关的规律,电导率值、硝态氮含量、碱解氮含量、有效磷含量和有机质含量呈不规律正相关规律,而与速效钾呈现不规律负相关的规律。试验结果表明,T9处理的土壤中各养分含量较高,积累层位于土壤上层(0-30cm),有利于马铃薯的吸收与利用。(4)灌水量、施肥量以及水肥交互均显著地影响马铃薯产量和品质。在中肥供应下,产量随灌水量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势;在高肥处理下,产量随灌水量的增加而增加。T9处理生长优势较显著,增产量明显且变异系数小,较为稳产。另外,马铃薯淀粉含量随着施肥量的增加呈先增后降的趋势,而水肥协同供应条件下T9处理的淀粉含量最高,并且水肥互作效应对马铃薯块茎淀粉含量的影响极显著,表明适量灌水施肥可以显著提高马铃薯品质。本研究中T9处理马铃薯品质较高,变异系数小,较为稳定。
Abstract
wei le tan ming yan an de ou ma ling shu sheng chan ti ji xia jiao you de guan gai liu liang 、shui liang ji jiao ge li de fei liao yong liang 。ben wen yi shan bei de ou da mian ji chong zhi de “he lan 15hao ”tuo du chong shu wei cai liao ,shi yan cai yong wan quan sui ji she ji ,yi chong fen guan shui (100%ET0)he dang de tui jian shi fei liang (F:N-P2O5-K2Owei 240-120-300 kg·hm-2)wei ji chu ,3ge guan shui liang (W1:100%ET0;W2:80%ET0;W3:60%ET0)he 3ge shi fei shui ping (F1:240-120-300 kg·hm-2;F2:180-90-225 kg·hm-2;F3:120-60-150 kg·hm-2),fu mo gong zu cheng 9ge chu li (T1,100,240-120-300 kg·hm-2;T2,80%ET0,180-90-225 kg·hm-2;T3,60%ET0,120-60-150 kg·hm-2;T4,100%ET0,180-90-225 kg·hm-2;T5,80%ET0,120-60-150 kg·hm-2;T6,60%ET0,240-120-300kg·hm-2;T7,100%ET0,120-60-150 kg·hm-2;T8,80%ET0,240-120-300 kg·hm-2;T9,60%ET0,180-90-225 kg·hm-2),she zhi 60%ET0guan shui 、bu shi fei he bu fu mo chu li wei dui zhao zu (CK),gong 10ge chu li ,tong guo shou ji shi yan shu ju ,yan jiu shui fei ou ge dui ma ling shu sheng chang zhuang kuang 、chan liang he pin zhi de diao kong ,yi ji ji tong de tan tao shui fei ou ge dui tu rang li hua xing zhi he tu rang shui fen de ying xiang 。shi yan qu de le yi xia zhu yao jie guo :(1)shui fei ou ge dui ma ling shu de shang bu fen sheng chang ju you xian zhe de ying xiang 。zai ma ling shu de zheng ge sheng yo ji nei ,fei liao shi yong ke yi zeng jia ma ling shu de zhu gao 、jing cu 、xie mian ji deng sheng chang xing zhuang ,zai chu miao hou 7-21tian ,guo liang shi fei dui zhu gao chan sheng yi zhi zuo yong ,zai chu miao 21hou ,ma ling shu zhu gao sheng chang su lv sui zhao shi fei liang de zeng jia cheng xian xian zeng hou jiang de bian hua qu shi 。ling wai ,guan shui dui zhu gao he jing cu ying xiang bing bu xian zhe 。ran er ,ge li guan shui shi fei ke yi di gao xie pian de xie lu su han liang ,T1chu li de xie lu su han liang wei zui gao ,ji ci shi T9chu li 。yin ci ,ge li shui fei ke yi zeng jia xie pian de xie lu su han liang ,tong shi ke yi zeng jiang mei huo xing cu jin guang ge zuo yong ,jin er di gao ma ling shu chan liang 。(2)bu tong guan gai shi fei dui ma ling shu gen xia tu rang shui fen han liang ji fen bu 、ge sheng chang jie duan de hao shui he shui fen li yong xiao lv you xian zhe de ying xiang (p<0.05)。bu tong di guan shi shui liang dao zhi shui fen ji lei tu ceng de bian hua ,guan shui liang yue da ,shui fen ji lei ceng bu duan xiang xia qian yi 。dang guan shui liang deng yu ma ling shu suo xu shui fen shi ,tu rang shui fen ji lei ceng ze wei yu tu rang shang ceng (0-30cm)。ling wai ,zai ma ling shu zheng ge sheng yo ji nei ,guan shui liang yu hao shui liang cheng zheng xiang guan ;shi fei liang yu hao shui liang xian cheng zheng xiang guan zai cheng fu xiang guan guan ji 。kuo liang zeng jia zai you miao ji he dian fen ji lei ji de guan shui liang ,bu jin you li yu gen bu shui fen de xi shou he li yong ,tong shi cu jin ma ling shu chan liang zeng jia he pin zhi di gao ;ling wai ,shui fen bu zu huo zhe guo liang hui zu ai ma ling shu de sheng chang 。ji zhong ,T9chu li chan liang zeng chan lv zui gao ,shui ming T9chu li ke yi wan quan man zu ma ling shu de shui fen xu qiu ,shui fei pei bi ge li ,ma ling shu chan liang di gao xiao guo zui jia 。(3)shui fei ou ge xian zhe ying xiang tu rang li hua xing zhi 。xiang tong shi fei liang ,pHzhi he su xiao jia han liang yu shi shui liang cheng fu xiang guan ;dian dao lv zhi 、xiao tai dan han liang 、jian jie dan han liang he you ji zhi han liang yu shi shui liang cheng bu gui lv zheng xiang guan ;xiang tong guan shui liang ,pHzhi yu shi fei liang cheng xian xian fu xiang guan hou zheng xiang guan de gui lv ,dian dao lv zhi 、xiao tai dan han liang 、jian jie dan han liang 、you xiao lin han liang he you ji zhi han liang cheng bu gui lv zheng xiang guan gui lv ,er yu su xiao jia cheng xian bu gui lv fu xiang guan de gui lv 。shi yan jie guo biao ming ,T9chu li de tu rang zhong ge yang fen han liang jiao gao ,ji lei ceng wei yu tu rang shang ceng (0-30cm),you li yu ma ling shu de xi shou yu li yong 。(4)guan shui liang 、shi fei liang yi ji shui fei jiao hu jun xian zhe de ying xiang ma ling shu chan liang he pin zhi 。zai zhong fei gong ying xia ,chan liang sui guan shui liang de zeng jia cheng xian zeng jia hou jiang di de qu shi ;zai gao fei chu li xia ,chan liang sui guan shui liang de zeng jia er zeng jia 。T9chu li sheng chang you shi jiao xian zhe ,zeng chan liang ming xian ju bian yi ji shu xiao ,jiao wei wen chan 。ling wai ,ma ling shu dian fen han liang sui zhao shi fei liang de zeng jia cheng xian zeng hou jiang de qu shi ,er shui fei xie tong gong ying tiao jian xia T9chu li de dian fen han liang zui gao ,bing ju shui fei hu zuo xiao ying dui ma ling shu kuai jing dian fen han liang de ying xiang ji xian zhe ,biao ming kuo liang guan shui shi fei ke yi xian zhe di gao ma ling shu pin zhi 。ben yan jiu zhong T9chu li ma ling shu pin zhi jiao gao ,bian yi ji shu xiao ,jiao wei wen ding 。
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论文作者分别是来自延安大学的杜常亮,发表于刊物延安大学2019-07-19论文,是一篇关于马铃薯论文,产量论文,品质论文,土壤理化性质论文,延安大学2019-07-19论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用,各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载,文章观点不代表本站观点,资料来自延安大学2019-07-19论文网站,若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权,请联系我们删除。
标签:马铃薯论文; 产量论文; 品质论文; 土壤理化性质论文; 延安大学2019-07-19论文;