论文题目: Fibersol-2的制备及其生理功能的研究
论文类型: 博士论文
论文专业: 食品科学与工程
导师: 汤坚,钱和
关键词: 松谷纤维,啤酒酵母,纯化,脱色,钙强化,餐后血糖指数
文献来源: 江南大学
发表年度: 2005
论文摘要: 多糖和矿物质能在人体肠腔内形成不溶性复合物,因此一般认为谷物中的多糖能降低矿物质的生物效价。但是,可溶性膳食纤维不会产生上述效果。 淀粉是一种廉价、稳定的多糖来源。淀粉在一定条件下水解会产生一种在人体内不消化的成分,一般称之为抗性麦牙糊精。平均分子质量为2000Da的抗性麦牙糊精具有类似于可溶性膳食纤维的生理学特征,称为松谷纤维-2(Fibersol-2)。它能以非消化形式进入大肠,并在大肠内被微生物部分酵解,生成短链脂肪酸。因此,Fibersol-2有预防某些退行性疾病,如,糖尿病、肥胖、冠心病、肠道病等作用。 本论文用1%盐酸预处理玉米淀粉,得到焦糊精;用0.1%α-淀粉酶水解,水解产物经纯化(脱色和去除葡萄糖)后喷雾干燥,得到松谷纤维-2成品。利用该工艺,通过调整预处理条件,制得的松谷纤维-2产品经脱色和去除葡萄糖处理后,测得其相对分子质量为2204Da,与标准品的相对分子质量很接近。 酶解的目的是除去焦糊精中的淀粉及其他糊精,但是在酶解过程中会产生游离葡萄糖。本论文研究并比较了强酸型离子交换色谱法和酵母发酵法去除葡萄糖的效果。结果表明,强酸型离子交换色谱法能有效分离游离葡萄糖和糊精,但是这种方法成本高,限制了其在工业上的推广应用。利用啤酒酵母(Saccharomycescerevisiae)除去焦糊精中的葡萄糖,该方法受酵母浓度、发酵时间和温度的影响。最佳实验条件:酵母浓度0.5%,温度20℃,时间24h,该过程不需要稀释样品中可溶性总糖的浓度,葡萄糖去除率高达98.27%,终产品松谷纤维-2中的葡萄糖含量几乎可以忽略不计。经HPLC测定,纯化后的样品中总膳食纤维(TDF)的含量为94%,膳食纤维的回收率为67.18%。 目前,工业中通常采用活性炭脱色法处理松谷纤维-2。实验证明,制备钙强化Fibersol-2时采用的钙强化工艺也具有脱色作用。用活性炭脱色法或钙强化脱色法处理均能得到白色产品。感官评定实验显示,采用这两种脱色方法获得的产品,其颜色没有显著差别。钙强化条件为:氯化钙浓度0.1mol/L,温度60℃,pH6.2,反应时间30min。此条件下生产的产品,钙结合率达到53.24%,每克松谷纤维-2中含9274.19μg钙。分析结果显示:钙强化前后,松谷纤维-2的粘度没有显著变化,证明钙强化工艺不影响松谷纤维-2的性质。 分别用松谷纤维-2和钙强化松谷纤维-2进行动物实验,考查小鼠钙的吸收率和保留率以及餐后血糖和胰岛素分泌水平。实验结果显示,服用松谷纤维-2组和钙强化松谷纤维-2组的小鼠,其钙吸收率分别为0.55%和2.89%,钙保留率分别为和16.27%和77.95%;均显著大于空白组(吸收率0.38%,保留率0.75
论文目录:
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABSTRACT (English)
ABSTRACT (Chinese)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW
1.1 Indigestible dietary fibers and physiological aspect
1.1.1 Insoluble dietary fibers
1.1.2 Soluble dietary fibers
1.1.2.1 Pectins
1.1.2.2 Guar gum
1.1.2.3 Insulin and oligofructose
1.1.2.4 Polydextrose
1.1.2.5 Fibersol-2
1.2 Function of Dietary fiber
1.2.1 Effect of dietary fiber on glucose absorption
1.2.2 Relationship between dietary fiber and cancer
1.2.3 Product specifications of Fibersol-2
1.3 Effect of dietary fiber on mineral absorption
1.3.1 Characteristics of fibersol-2
1.3.2 Effect of fibersol-2 on mineral absorption
1.3.3 Food applications of fibersol-2
1.4 CURRENT PROBLEMS AN GENERAL OBJECTIVES
1.5 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF THIS RESEARCH
1.6 REFERENCES
Chapter 2: LABORATORY PREPARATION OF FIBERSOL-2 USING COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR DESALTING
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.2.1 Materials
2.2.2 Methods
2.2.2.1 Pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of cornstarch
2.2.2.2 Preparation of activated charcoal for decolorization
2.2.2.3 Ions ex-change chromatography for desalting
2.2.2.4 Molecular weight analysis of the prepared fibersol-2 by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
2.2.2.5 Measuring total dietary fiber in the prepared fibersol-2
2.2.2.6 Method for laboratory preparation of fibersol-2
2.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
2.3.1 Glucose removal effect of the hydrolysate pyrodextrin
2.3.2 Molecular weight distribution of the prepared fibersol-2 after using column chromatography for desalting, compared to the standard fiberso-2
2.3.3 Total dietary fiber determination (TDF)
2.4 CONCLUSION
2.5 REFERENCES
Chapter 3: LABORATORY PREPARATION OF FTBERSOL-2 USING SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE FOR DESALTING
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.2.1 Materials
3.2.2 Methods
3.2.2.1 Pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of cornstarch
3.2.2.2 Yeast fermentation
3.2.2.3 Molecular weight analysis of the prepared fibersol-2 by high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
3.2.2.4 Measuring total dietary fiber in the prepared fibersol-2
3.2.2.5 Statistical analysis
3.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.3.1 Yeast application effect for desalting fibersol-2
3.3.2 Molecular weight distribution of the prepared fibersol-2 after using yeast for desalting, compared to the standard fiberso-2
3.4 CONCLUSION
3.5 REFERENCES
Chapter 4: STUDY OF CALCIUM BINDING EFFECT ON FIBERSOL-2
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
4.2.1 Materials
4.2.2 Methods
4.2.2.1 Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis
4.2.2.2 Calcium association with fibersol-2
4.2.2.3 Desalting fibersol-2
4.2.2.4 Determination of total calcium content by atomic absorption spectrophotometer measurement
4.2.2.5 Determination of free calcium content by ion selective electrode potentiometer measurement
4.2.2.6 Viscosity analysis of fibersol-2 with and without calcium binding
4.2.2.7 Method for laboratory preparation of calcium fortified fibersol-2
4.2.2.8 Sensory evaluation
4.2.2.9 Product specifications and analytical methods of fibersol-2
4.2.2.10 Statistical analysis
4.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.3.1 Specification of the prepared fibersol-2
4.3.2 Fibersol-2 fortification with calcium
4.3.3 Sensory evaluation
4.4 CONCLUSION
4.5 REFERENCES
Chapter 5: IN-VIVO EVALUATION OF LABORATORY PREPARED FIBERSOL-2 AND CALCIUM CHELATED FIBERSOL-2
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
5.2.1 Materials
5.2.2 Methods
5.2.2.1 Animal grading and metabolism test of calcium chelated to fibersol-2
5.2.2.2 Blood glucose level and insulin secretion analysis
5.2.2.6 Statistical analysis
5.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5.3.1 Content of the laboratory prepared fibersol-2 and laboratory prepared calcium fortified fibersol-2 in feces and urine after feeding mice
5.3.2 Effect of absorbed and retained calcium after feeding mice with laboratory prepared calcium fortified fibersol-2
5.3.3 Effect of the laboratory prepared fibersol-2 and laboratory prepared calcium fortified fibersol-2 on blood glucose level and insulin secretion
5.4 CONCLUSION
5.5 REFERENCES
Chapter 6: FOOD APPLICATION OF LABORATORY PREPARED FD3ERSOL-2 AND CALCIUM CHELATED FIBERSOL-2:- Cake
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
6.2.1 Materials
6.2.2 Methods
6.2.2.1 Sensory evaluation
6.2.2.2 Statistical analysis
6.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
6.4 CONCLUSION
6.5 REFERENCES
GENERAL CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
1. GENERAL CONCLUSION
2. RECOMMENDATIONS
PAPERS PUBLISHED
APPENDIX
发布时间: 2006-07-20
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