城市化进程中农村方言词汇变异研究 ——以商水县刘营村为例

论文摘要

世界上任何一种语言,都不是静止存在的,无时无刻不都在发生着变化。语言变异是社会语言学研究的核心内容,语言的一个基本属性就是“变异性”。语言接触作为语言变化的外在触发机制很大程度上加快了语言变异的速度,这种变异主要体现在语音、词汇、句法等语言的各个层面上。改革开放后,中国城市化进程显著加快,其中一个重要的标志就是人口的大量流动和迁移。城市化的推进加快了人口流动的速度和人口接触的程度,其高速发展使得传统的农业社会面临解体,越来越多的农村人口被城市化。在这一进程中,大批农村人口走出农村,走进城市寻找新的谋生方式,受经济利益、社会动机和地位意识等的驱使,同时为了改善自身形象、更快地融入城市,出现了推崇普通话而扬弃家乡话的语言现象,这一现象导致农村方言发生了很大的变化,其中词汇变异尤为明显。本研究利用社会语言学研究方法,以社会语言学语言变异理论为指导,对刘营村130名调查对象的日常语言和谈话进行观察录音,采集了大量的词汇变异的实例,随后以调查问卷作为补充,考察城市化进程中农村方言词汇变异情况。最后借助GOLDVARB X5、Excel (2007)和SPSS(13.0)等软件,用数据统计的方法对所收集的数据进行了分析处理。研究发现,城市化进程中农村方言正在发生着很大的变化。农村方言变异的出现是城市化进程中受普通话的影响,将普通话的词汇特点带入方言交流中;在五种方言词汇变异中,以程度副词的变异最为普遍,日常必需品称谓和亲属称谓的变异次之,时间副词和日常用语的变异最少;词汇变异受到各种社会因素的制约,女性较男性更多地使用词汇变异形式,受大学及大学以上教育的人使用变异形式更加频繁,由于对普通话的崇拜,受初中教育的人较受高中教育的人更喜欢使用词汇变异形式,学生和外出打工的人对词汇变异形式也更乐于接受;总体上人们对这种变异现象持肯定态度,在对当地方言和普通话的价值预测上,方言的保持呈逐渐下降趋势,而普通话则有着更高的地位和实用价值。语言是文化的载体,每一种语言或方言的背后都蕴藏着一种丰富的文化,放弃母语方言,很大程度上就是放弃一种独特的、优秀的地方文化。本研究把农村方言变异放在城市化进程的大背景中,不仅有助于揭示农村方言发生变化的轨迹,还有助于记录城市化进程中正在消失的珍贵的语言资料,同时也能促使国家制定正确、合理的语言政策。受研究条件的限制,本研究的结论还有待于更加深入的研究来论证。

论文目录

• 摘要
• English Abstract
• Introduction
• 0.1 Research Background
• 0.2 Significance of the Research
• 0.3 Methodology
• 0.4 Organization of the Thesis
• Chapter 1 Previous Researches on Language Variation and Urbanization
• 1.1 Previous Researches on Language Variation
• 1.1.1 The Variationist Viewpoints
• 1.1.2 Contact-induced Language Change
• 1.1.3 Social Variables of Language
• 1.2 Previous Researches on Rural Language Variation in Relation to Urbanization
• 1.2.1 Previous Researches on Rural Language Variation
• 1.2.2 Rural Language Variation in Relation to Urbanization
• 1.3 Comments on the Previous Researches
• Chapter 2 Research Methodology
• 2.1 Hypotheses
• 2.2 Selection of Informants
• 2.3 Data Collection
• 2.3.1 Tape-recorded Naturalistic Conversation
• 2.3.2 Observation of the Daily Speech
• 2.3.3 An Attitude Questionnaire Survey on Putonghua and the Local Dialect
• 2.4 Data Processing
• 2.4.1 Transcription of Speech Data
• 2.4.2 Distributional and Multivariate Analysis of the Collected Speech Data
• 2.4.3 Analysis of the Questionnaire Survey
• Chapter 3 Results and Discussion
• 3.1 Lexical Variation
• 3.1.1 An Overall Distribution of Lexical Variation
• 3.1.2 Distribution of the Variation in Address Form of Kinship
• 3.1.3 Distribution of the Variation in Address Form of Daily Necessities
• 3.1.4 Distribution of the Variation in Adverbs of Degree
• 3.1.5 Distribution of the Variation in Daily Language and Time Adverbs
• 3.2 Social Factors of Lexical Variation
• 3.2.1 Difference of Gender in Lexical Variation
• 3.2.2 Difference of Age in Lexical Variation
• 3.2.3 Difference of Educational Level in Lexical Variation
• 3.2.4 Difference of Occupation in Lexical Variation
• 3.2.5 The Effect of Both Gender and Education on the Distribution of Lexical Variation
• 3.3 Multivariate Analysis
• 3.4 Different Language Attitudes Towards Putonghua and the Local Dialect
• 3.4.1 Different Attitudes of Males and Females Towards Putonghua
• 3.4.2 Different Attitudes of Different Age Groups Towards Putonghua
• 3.4.3 Different Attitudes among People with Different Educational Background Towards Putonghua
• 3.4.4 Different Attitudes among People with Different Occupations Towards Putonghua
• 3.4.5 Decline of the Status of Local Dialect
• Chapter 4 Implications Obtained from the Research
• 4.1 The Necessity of the Promotion of Putonghua
• 4.2 The Maintenance of Cultural Diversity
• 4.3 Language Planning on Putonghua and Regional Dialect
• Conclusion
• Notes
• Works Cited
• Acknowledgements
• Appendix A: Questionnaire Survey Participant Consent Form
• Appendix B: Chinese Transcription Version of Lexical Variation Cited
• Appendix C: The Examples from the Excel Data Base of Lexical Variation
• Appendix D: Coding for Each Factor Group
• Appendix E: Questionnaire Survey
• Informative Abstract in Chinese
• Résuméand Publications since Entering the Program