黑人文化的生态反思 ——生态解读托尼·莫里森的《柏油孩子》

黑人文化的生态反思 ——生态解读托尼·莫里森的《柏油孩子》

论文摘要

20世纪60年代的黑人民族主义运动为非裔美国人争取到政治经济上的独立,然而他们逐渐意识到物质生活的改善伴随着精神文化上的空虚与迷茫。为了生存,众多非裔美国人选择了白人文化,但“黑人性”却又致使他们不能为白人主流文化所接受,这种“双重意识”和文化困境折磨摧残着他们的精神和心灵,促使他们抛弃非洲质朴传统的文化遗产。对非裔美国人文化困境的关注促使托尼?莫里森创作了长篇小说《柏油孩子》(1981),作品中展现了她对非洲传统文化现状及其未来的忧虑和思考。莫里森自身的成长经历以及作为编辑的体验让她认识到非洲传统文化的重要性,同时也激励她为保护和传播它而奋斗。本文利用生态批评及斯图尔德文化生态学的理念去解读《柏油孩子》,认为莫里森在作品中表达了她对非洲传统文化、自然环境、以及他们之间和谐关系的无尽关注。在该部作品中,她极力褒扬了非洲传统文化中关爱自然的观念,并谴责了白人文化中无限制征服和改造自然的思想。通过改写黑人寓言故事“柏油孩子”,莫里森将两种文化看待自然的不同观点清晰地呈现了出来。莫里森还通过主人公杰丁为白人文化同化后对待自然及非洲传统文化的看法及态度,揭露和批判了白人文化扼杀非洲传统文化所产生的恶果。文中白人糖果大王瓦利连利用现代文明武器对加勒比海域的一座小岛随意改造,破坏了当地的自然环境,也导致自己的家庭支离破碎。然而,非洲传统文化的化身森来到这个“伪造”的人间天堂,促使每一个人重新审视自身与自然及文化之间的关系。他拯救了瓦利连在温室中培育的植物,揭露了岛上众人关系的实质,让杰丁意识到自身的“黑人性”并终于从对白人资助人瓦利连的依赖中独立出来,勇敢地寻找自己的幸福。

论文目录

  • 摘要
  • Abstract
  • 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 Significance of the Topic
  • 1.2 Organization of the Thesis
  • 2 Literature Review
  • 2.1 Brief Review on Eco-criticism
  • 2.2 Cultural Ecology
  • 2.3 The Spiritual Confusion of Afro-Americans
  • 2.4 Literature Review of Tar Baby
  • 3 Toni Morrison and African Traditional Culture
  • 3.1 Influences from Her Parents
  • 3.2 Influences from Her Experiences as an Editor
  • 3.3 Toni Morrison’s Achievements and African Traditional Culture
  • 4 Morrison’s Ecological Solicitude for Nature in Tar Baby
  • 4.1 Natural Metaphor in the Trickster Tale Tar Baby
  • 4.2 Morrison’s Concern for Nature
  • 4.3 Condemning Return to Nature at the Expense of Natural Harmony
  • 4.4 Harmonious Coexistence between Human Beings and Nature
  • 5 Protections of African Traditional Culture and Nature in Tar Baby
  • 5.1 Afro-American Culture and Nature
  • 5.2 Nature-centered Ideology in Tar Baby
  • 5.2.1 Natural Community—Eloe
  • 5.2.2 Black Culture and Nature in African Myths
  • 5.3 The Damage of Cultural Hegemony on Nature
  • 5.3.1 Valerian’s Despotism
  • 5.3.2 Valerian’s Effect upon Jadine’s Ideology
  • 5.4 Protecting Nature and African Traditional Culture
  • 6 Conclusion
  • Bibliography
  • Academic Achievements and Awards
  • Acknowledgements
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    黑人文化的生态反思 ——生态解读托尼·莫里森的《柏油孩子》
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