英语动词进行体的语义实质

论文摘要

体是动词的语法范畴,起源于斯拉夫语言,学术界对其作过大量的研究。在英语动词中,有关体的研究与讨论也颇多。英语动词涉及四大语法范畴,包括时态,语态,式态,和体态。体态是语境化的动词表示的内部结构,它表明的是英语动词所表示的时间和状态的内部结构关系,即动作或状态是否正在进行,是否已经完成。英语动词可以分为进行体与完成体。如果含有助动词be+-ing形式,就是进行体。本文通过回顾与评价前人的研究成果,对英语动词进行体的语义实质进行深入研究与分析,由此得出结论:英语动词进行体的语义实质是“动态的过程性”。进行体是指动词进行时所表示的特性,即动作的持续性、暂时性和未完成性等这些基本属性。然而,动词的词义特征也会影响到在特定句子中进行体的意义,以及随着英语的发展,现代英语进行体的表意范围扩大了,它除了说明动作的持续性等属性外,还可以带有种种情态色彩。为了准确地理解英语动词进行体的语义实质,本文首先区分英语动词进行体的一些相关概念:静态与动态,整体与过程,分析了进行体的语法意义与状态,动态的关系,研究了进行体的各种语用特征,指出英语动词进行体的语义实质是动态的过程性,并且从进行体的各种用法及其体态特征对其进行论证。本文认为,进行体的未完成性、暂时性及有限持续性是进行体的语义实质所衍生出的语用特征,指出只有进行体的语义实质才能全面地解释进行体的各种用法。

论文目录

Acknowledgements

摘要

Abstract

前言

Chapter One Introduction

Chapter Two Previous Studies of Aspect and the Progressive Aspect

2.1 The Origin of the Term Aspect

2.2 Definition of Aspect

2.3 Definition of the PG Form Used in This Paper

2.4 Various Definitions of the PG Form

2.5 Classifications of the PG Aspect

Chapter Three Basic Theoretical Frame

3.1 Basic Concepts

3.2 Some Relevant Definitions of the PG Form

3.2.1 Stative State and Dynamic State

3.2.2 Whole and Process

Chapter Four Exploration on Essence of the PG form

4.1 Previous Study Results

4.2 Distinction between AGC and AC

4.3 Grammatical Meaning of the PG Form and State（Condition）

4.4 The Progressive Aspect with Stative Verbs

4.4.1 Interpretations of the PG Statives

4.4.2 Stative Verbs

4.4.3 Verbs Denoting Private State

4.4.4 Verbs Denoting State of Emotion or Attitude

4.5 Grammatical Meaning of the PG Form and Dynamic

4.6 The Progressive Aspect with Dynamic Verbs

4.6.1 The Progressive Aspect with Durative and Punctual Verbs

4.7 The Semantic Essence of the PG Form—A Dynamic Process

4.7.1 Progressive Aspect Incompatible with Stative Verbs

4.7.2 Progressive Aspect and Momentary Verbs

4.7.3 The PG Aspect and the Whole of Dynamic Situations

4.7.4 Progressive Aspect and Process Meaning

Chapter Five Essence of the PG Aspect and Its Pragmatic Functions

5.1 Pragmatic Functions

5.1.1 Descriptive Function

5.1.2 Expressive Function

5.1.3 Expressing Such Mood As Happiness, Anger, Grief and Joy

5.1.4 Expressing Circumbendibus and Politeness

5.1.5 Explanatory Function

5.1.6 Interim Function

5.2 Looking at the Essence of the Progressive Aspect from the Respect of Its Usages

5.2.1 Emotional Colouring

5.2.2 The Usage of Expressing Durative Movements

5.2.3 The Usage of Expressing Mild and Indirect Tone

5.2.4 The Usage of Expressing Temporariness and Incompleteness

Chapter Six Conclusions

Bibliography

英语动词进行体的语义实质

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