本文主要研究内容
作者王建华（2019）在《光栅投影三维测量关键技术研究》一文中研究指出：光栅投影三维测量技术具有非接触、高精度、高速度、低成本和全场测量等特点,在工业检测、逆向工程、文物保护、仿生设计、人体建模和医学诊断等领域应用广泛。光栅投影三维测量的关键技术主要包括光栅条纹的非正弦性校正、测量系统标定、解相位(相位计算)以及三维点云配准等。本文主要围绕光栅条纹的非正弦性校正和解相位技术两个方面展开研究,重点对解相位精度、测量效率以及特殊物体、动态物体的三维测量等问题进行研究。(1)由于测量系统的非线性响应,导致相机采集的光栅条纹不具有良好的正弦性,从而降低了解相位精度。虽然双N步相移算法可以较大程度地减小相位误差,但需要增加一倍的投影条纹数量。为此,提出了两种误差校正方法。一是相位误差自校正算法,该方法将原包裹相位变换后,得到类似于双N步相移法中的附加包裹相位,并融合两个包裹相位以达到减小误差的目的。实验结果表明,相较于传统相移算法,所提算法的测量误差降低了34.2%,相较于现有的双N步相移算法,测量效率提高了48.4%。二是基于彩色条纹投影的相位误差校正技术,该方法将原始和附加相移条纹融入到一幅彩色图像的两个通道中,采集图像的两通道信息分离后,分别求解两包裹相位信息后进行融合,以减小误差。所提第二种方法在降低测量误差和提高测量效率两方面同样有效。(2)在光栅投影三维测量技术中,枝切法是一种路径相关的局部算法,其枝切线搜索为局部寻优,且枝切线与预先设置的最大搜索半径有关,而最大搜索半径是不确定的。此外,在残差点密集区域,枝切线易于自我封闭而形成“孤岛”。为此,提出了一种基于改进遗传算法的快速最短枝切搜索算法。该算法将最近邻算法和改进遗传算法相结合,以正、负残差点匹配代替旅行商问题中的路径,采用类似于遗传算法的选择、交叉和变异算子进行全局寻优,避免枝切线自我封闭,为解决最短枝切线问题提供了一种快速、鲁棒的方法。(3)直接搜索最大模的光栅条纹二维小波变换小波脊提取算法简单、快速,但易受到噪声干扰。现有的基于价值函数二维小波变换小波脊提取算法虽然有效,但没有对价值函数中两项指标的权值进行调整,且小波脊候选点的提取冗余,增加了运算量。为此,提出了基于权值优化价值函数的二维小波变换小波脊提取算法。该方法提取二维小波变换系数模的最大值点和最大值点90%的局部极值点共同组成小波脊候选点;采用对数Logistic模型对价值函数中两项指标的权值进行调整,以获取更加合理的价值估计。该算法不但提高了小波脊提取精度,而且有效地降低了运算量。但是,上述价值函数仅引入了与瞬时频率信息有关的尺度因子梯度,而与条纹结构方向信息有关的旋转因子梯度没有考虑。为此,提出了第二种算法,该算法在原价值函数上引入旋转因子的梯度,从而建立了一种改进的价值函数,同样采用对数Logistic模型调整价值函数中三项指标的权值。实验结果表明,相较于现有算法,第二种所提算法的测量误差降低了的19.03%,但处理时间增加了 17.4%。(4)在实际应用中,存在许多大范围反射率变化的物体,这对于任何光学测量方法而言都是非常具有挑战性的。目前,一般通过调整投影条纹的强度或相机曝光来获得不同亮度的条纹图像序列,并从中选择不饱和的最大值,组成最终的条纹图像。但上述方法影响了条纹图像的信噪比;此外,相机曝光的调整无法被量化且调整非常耗时。为此,提出了一种大范围反射率变化物体表面的高速三维测量方法。首先,将投影条纹的光强设为最大,投影过程中不做调整,以提高条纹图像的信噪比;其次,将8位灰度条纹二值化以提高投影仪的刷新频率,并且对投影仪进行离焦以滤除高次谐波;最后,利用投影仪本身的彩色光投影,从而得到不同亮度的条纹序列,并从多组条纹图像序列中选择灰度值最大但不饱和的像素,组成用于三维重建的最优条纹图像。该方法具有测量速度快、硬件成本低、测量精度高、算法简单和易于扩展等优点。(5)动态物体的三维测量是一项极具挑战性的工作。针对两种特定情况,对应提出了两种解决方法。一是针对物体表面连续变化的物体。当采用高速相机采集时,相邻两帧图像之间的包裹相位差的绝对值远小于π,当沿着包裹相位图的x和y坐标无法正确展开相位时,可以沿着时间t展开相位。该方法能实现表面不满足连续性假设的动态物体的三维测量。二是针对自动化传输线上的刚性、快速移动、轮廓不连续产品的三维测量。当采用相移法和三频外差法对其高精度测量时,由于物体的移动导致多幅条纹之间存在帧间误差,致使无法准确重建物体的三维面形。为此,提出了一种新的方法,该方法首先对投影条纹进行相位偏移,然后再对采集条纹进行像素偏移,从而消除了条纹图像之间的帧间误差,获得了近似于静态物体三维测量精度的良好结果。(6)光栅投影三维测量技术的潜在应用需求巨大。本文对两个工程应用进行了研究与实践:基于高速三维测量技术的手语学习和小尺寸物体的三维测量。此外,还对高温锻件的三维测量进行了探索性研究。
Abstract
guang shan tou ying san wei ce liang ji shu ju you fei jie chu 、gao jing du 、gao su du 、di cheng ben he quan chang ce liang deng te dian ,zai gong ye jian ce 、ni xiang gong cheng 、wen wu bao hu 、fang sheng she ji 、ren ti jian mo he yi xue zhen duan deng ling yu ying yong an fan 。guang shan tou ying san wei ce liang de guan jian ji shu zhu yao bao gua guang shan tiao wen de fei zheng xian xing jiao zheng 、ce liang ji tong biao ding 、jie xiang wei (xiang wei ji suan )yi ji san wei dian yun pei zhun deng 。ben wen zhu yao wei rao guang shan tiao wen de fei zheng xian xing jiao zheng he jie xiang wei ji shu liang ge fang mian zhan kai yan jiu ,chong dian dui jie xiang wei jing du 、ce liang xiao lv yi ji te shu wu ti 、dong tai wu ti de san wei ce liang deng wen ti jin hang yan jiu 。(1)you yu ce liang ji tong de fei xian xing xiang ying ,dao zhi xiang ji cai ji de guang shan tiao wen bu ju you liang hao de zheng xian xing ,cong er jiang di le jie xiang wei jing du 。sui ran shuang Nbu xiang yi suan fa ke yi jiao da cheng du de jian xiao xiang wei wu cha ,dan xu yao zeng jia yi bei de tou ying tiao wen shu liang 。wei ci ,di chu le liang chong wu cha jiao zheng fang fa 。yi shi xiang wei wu cha zi jiao zheng suan fa ,gai fang fa jiang yuan bao guo xiang wei bian huan hou ,de dao lei shi yu shuang Nbu xiang yi fa zhong de fu jia bao guo xiang wei ,bing rong ge liang ge bao guo xiang wei yi da dao jian xiao wu cha de mu de 。shi yan jie guo biao ming ,xiang jiao yu chuan tong xiang yi suan fa ,suo di suan fa de ce liang wu cha jiang di le 34.2%,xiang jiao yu xian you de shuang Nbu xiang yi suan fa ,ce liang xiao lv di gao le 48.4%。er shi ji yu cai se tiao wen tou ying de xiang wei wu cha jiao zheng ji shu ,gai fang fa jiang yuan shi he fu jia xiang yi tiao wen rong ru dao yi fu cai se tu xiang de liang ge tong dao zhong ,cai ji tu xiang de liang tong dao xin xi fen li hou ,fen bie qiu jie liang bao guo xiang wei xin xi hou jin hang rong ge ,yi jian xiao wu cha 。suo di di er chong fang fa zai jiang di ce liang wu cha he di gao ce liang xiao lv liang fang mian tong yang you xiao 。(2)zai guang shan tou ying san wei ce liang ji shu zhong ,zhi qie fa shi yi chong lu jing xiang guan de ju bu suan fa ,ji zhi qie xian sou suo wei ju bu xun you ,ju zhi qie xian yu yu xian she zhi de zui da sou suo ban jing you guan ,er zui da sou suo ban jing shi bu que ding de 。ci wai ,zai can cha dian mi ji ou yu ,zhi qie xian yi yu zi wo feng bi er xing cheng “gu dao ”。wei ci ,di chu le yi chong ji yu gai jin wei chuan suan fa de kuai su zui duan zhi qie sou suo suan fa 。gai suan fa jiang zui jin lin suan fa he gai jin wei chuan suan fa xiang jie ge ,yi zheng 、fu can cha dian pi pei dai ti lv hang shang wen ti zhong de lu jing ,cai yong lei shi yu wei chuan suan fa de shua ze 、jiao cha he bian yi suan zi jin hang quan ju xun you ,bi mian zhi qie xian zi wo feng bi ,wei jie jue zui duan zhi qie xian wen ti di gong le yi chong kuai su 、lu bang de fang fa 。(3)zhi jie sou suo zui da mo de guang shan tiao wen er wei xiao bo bian huan xiao bo ji di qu suan fa jian chan 、kuai su ,dan yi shou dao zao sheng gan rao 。xian you de ji yu jia zhi han shu er wei xiao bo bian huan xiao bo ji di qu suan fa sui ran you xiao ,dan mei you dui jia zhi han shu zhong liang xiang zhi biao de quan zhi jin hang diao zheng ,ju xiao bo ji hou shua dian de di qu rong yu ,zeng jia le yun suan liang 。wei ci ,di chu le ji yu quan zhi you hua jia zhi han shu de er wei xiao bo bian huan xiao bo ji di qu suan fa 。gai fang fa di qu er wei xiao bo bian huan ji shu mo de zui da zhi dian he zui da zhi dian 90%de ju bu ji zhi dian gong tong zu cheng xiao bo ji hou shua dian ;cai yong dui shu Logisticmo xing dui jia zhi han shu zhong liang xiang zhi biao de quan zhi jin hang diao zheng ,yi huo qu geng jia ge li de jia zhi gu ji 。gai suan fa bu dan di gao le xiao bo ji di qu jing du ,er ju you xiao de jiang di le yun suan liang 。dan shi ,shang shu jia zhi han shu jin yin ru le yu shun shi pin lv xin xi you guan de che du yin zi ti du ,er yu tiao wen jie gou fang xiang xin xi you guan de xuan zhuai yin zi ti du mei you kao lv 。wei ci ,di chu le di er chong suan fa ,gai suan fa zai yuan jia zhi han shu shang yin ru xuan zhuai yin zi de ti du ,cong er jian li le yi chong gai jin de jia zhi han shu ,tong yang cai yong dui shu Logisticmo xing diao zheng jia zhi han shu zhong san xiang zhi biao de quan zhi 。shi yan jie guo biao ming ,xiang jiao yu xian you suan fa ,di er chong suo di suan fa de ce liang wu cha jiang di le de 19.03%,dan chu li shi jian zeng jia le 17.4%。(4)zai shi ji ying yong zhong ,cun zai hu duo da fan wei fan she lv bian hua de wu ti ,zhe dui yu ren he guang xue ce liang fang fa er yan dou shi fei chang ju you tiao zhan xing de 。mu qian ,yi ban tong guo diao zheng tou ying tiao wen de jiang du huo xiang ji bao guang lai huo de bu tong liang du de tiao wen tu xiang xu lie ,bing cong zhong shua ze bu bao he de zui da zhi ,zu cheng zui zhong de tiao wen tu xiang 。dan shang shu fang fa ying xiang le tiao wen tu xiang de xin zao bi ;ci wai ,xiang ji bao guang de diao zheng mo fa bei liang hua ju diao zheng fei chang hao shi 。wei ci ,di chu le yi chong da fan wei fan she lv bian hua wu ti biao mian de gao su san wei ce liang fang fa 。shou xian ,jiang tou ying tiao wen de guang jiang she wei zui da ,tou ying guo cheng zhong bu zuo diao zheng ,yi di gao tiao wen tu xiang de xin zao bi ;ji ci ,jiang 8wei hui du tiao wen er zhi hua yi di gao tou ying yi de shua xin pin lv ,bing ju dui tou ying yi jin hang li jiao yi lv chu gao ci xie bo ;zui hou ,li yong tou ying yi ben shen de cai se guang tou ying ,cong er de dao bu tong liang du de tiao wen xu lie ,bing cong duo zu tiao wen tu xiang xu lie zhong shua ze hui du zhi zui da dan bu bao he de xiang su ,zu cheng yong yu san wei chong jian de zui you tiao wen tu xiang 。gai fang fa ju you ce liang su du kuai 、ying jian cheng ben di 、ce liang jing du gao 、suan fa jian chan he yi yu kuo zhan deng you dian 。(5)dong tai wu ti de san wei ce liang shi yi xiang ji ju tiao zhan xing de gong zuo 。zhen dui liang chong te ding qing kuang ,dui ying di chu le liang chong jie jue fang fa 。yi shi zhen dui wu ti biao mian lian xu bian hua de wu ti 。dang cai yong gao su xiang ji cai ji shi ,xiang lin liang zhen tu xiang zhi jian de bao guo xiang wei cha de jue dui zhi yuan xiao yu π,dang yan zhao bao guo xiang wei tu de xhe yzuo biao mo fa zheng que zhan kai xiang wei shi ,ke yi yan zhao shi jian tzhan kai xiang wei 。gai fang fa neng shi xian biao mian bu man zu lian xu xing jia she de dong tai wu ti de san wei ce liang 。er shi zhen dui zi dong hua chuan shu xian shang de gang xing 、kuai su yi dong 、lun kuo bu lian xu chan pin de san wei ce liang 。dang cai yong xiang yi fa he san pin wai cha fa dui ji gao jing du ce liang shi ,you yu wu ti de yi dong dao zhi duo fu tiao wen zhi jian cun zai zhen jian wu cha ,zhi shi mo fa zhun que chong jian wu ti de san wei mian xing 。wei ci ,di chu le yi chong xin de fang fa ,gai fang fa shou xian dui tou ying tiao wen jin hang xiang wei pian yi ,ran hou zai dui cai ji tiao wen jin hang xiang su pian yi ,cong er xiao chu le tiao wen tu xiang zhi jian de zhen jian wu cha ,huo de le jin shi yu jing tai wu ti san wei ce liang jing du de liang hao jie guo 。(6)guang shan tou ying san wei ce liang ji shu de qian zai ying yong xu qiu ju da 。ben wen dui liang ge gong cheng ying yong jin hang le yan jiu yu shi jian :ji yu gao su san wei ce liang ji shu de shou yu xue xi he xiao che cun wu ti de san wei ce liang 。ci wai ,hai dui gao wen duan jian de san wei ce liang jin hang le tan suo xing yan jiu 。
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论文作者分别是来自西安理工大学的王建华，发表于刊物西安理工大学2019-07-19论文，是一篇关于相位误差自校正论文,快速最短枝切搜索论文,改进价值函数论文,大范围反射率论文,动态物体论文,西安理工大学2019-07-19论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用，各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载，文章观点不代表本站观点，资料来自西安理工大学2019-07-19论文网站，若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权，请联系我们删除。
标签：相位误差自校正论文; 快速最短枝切搜索论文; 改进价值函数论文; 大范围反射率论文; 动态物体论文; 西安理工大学2019-07-19论文;