本文主要研究内容
作者艾则孜麦麦提明(2019)在《高性能聚烯烃基形状记忆及发泡材料的微纳层次结构调控》一文中研究指出:随着节能减排和环保问题的日益突出,使用轻量化和单一化材料成为汽车、家电、电线电缆和风力发电叶片等行业发展的绿色潮流与趋势。烯烃类热塑性弹性体(TPEO)、共混型热塑性聚烯烃(C-TPO)及其发泡材料只含碳氢元素、质轻、性价比高、综合性能优良、可回收再重复利用等优点,从而广泛应用于汽车内外饰件、洗衣机转筒、电线电缆护套、建筑防水卷材及保温材料、光伏封装、物流包装、鞋底和自行车轮胎等。为满足更高端应用市场需求和节能减排环保要求,通常运用先进烯烃催化聚合技术和加工过程,通过在树脂生产和制品成型过程中分别“剪裁”链拓扑结构和调控凝聚态结构开发高端专用聚烯烃产品。本文以高性能等规聚(1-丁烯)(iPB-1)、烯烃多嵌段共聚物(OBC)和软、硬CTPO为研究对象,旨在以辐射改性手段“剪裁”iPB-1的长支链结构、OBC和软TPO的非均相交联链结构,从而调控其相应的多晶态结构及其转变、微相分离结构和取向多相结构,并且采用超临界二氧化碳间歇釜发泡手段控制交联OBC及其硬C-TPO材料的微孔发泡结构与形态,结合高温GPC(配备三个检测器)、高温13C-NMR、ARES-G2、XRD、DSC、SEM、2D-SAXS和DMTA等先进表征与测试方法,建立微纳层次结构与性能之间的定量关系。具体研究结果如下:(1)作为高性能绿色管道材料的iPB-1存在慢速晶型Ⅱ-I转变问题,从而限制了其大规模工业应用。本部分建立了iPB-1的长支链(LCB)结构、线团收缩构象与多晶态结构及其转变之间的关系。LCB线团收缩构象、可结晶1-丁烯序列长度和结晶条件显著影响多晶态结构及及其转变,其中线团收缩构象起关键作用。低、中支化iPB-1的长支链线团收缩程度低、可结晶1-丁烯序列长,而高支化iPB-1的则相反。高结晶速率下,前者熔体结晶形成晶型Ⅱ和Ⅲ的混合晶,而后者形成聚合物科学罕见的片晶扭曲的纯晶型Ⅲ;LCB-PB中晶间接链(缠结环、tie-分子和晶型Ⅲ)的数量高,晶型Ⅱ-I转变速率高。低结晶速率下,前者熔体结晶主要形成晶型Ⅱ,而后者形成晶型Ⅱ、Ⅲ和I’的混合晶;LCB-PB中晶间接链数量低,晶型Ⅱ-I转变速率低。随着晶型Ⅲ含量的增加,LCB-PB刚性下降,延展性提高,而含有晶型I、Ⅲ和I’的高支化iPB-1显示出脆性。常温拉伸时,晶型Ⅲ转变为晶型I;加热时,交联的高支化iPB-1中晶型Ⅲ不会重结晶形成晶型Ⅱ。(2)针对TPEO基形状记忆高分子(SMPs)的熔体强度低而耐高温性差、形状转变温度低而范围窄以及力学性能较差等问题,通过中分子量聚烯烃弹性体(POE)与纺丝级(YP)和高熔体强度发泡级(HP)聚丙烯(PP)共混并辐照,制备了高强、耐高温三重形状记忆弹性体(SMR)。辐射交联后,SMR原位形成独特的非均相交联链结构:POE的交联无定形链段及可结晶聚乙烯链段与长支链聚丙烯以共价键键合。平均尺寸为1.6×11μm的盘状PP相分散在POE连续相中且沿薄膜表面平行取向;采用不同共混工艺和辐照过程制备的SMR取向多相结构具有重现性。PP片晶的(040)α和(110)α晶面分别平行和垂直于高度交联薄膜表面。POE的束状晶体不受辐照影响,而其重结晶温度降低。在固态下,SMR的拉伸强度(σb)为31–38 MPa、断裂伸长率(εb)为900–1100%、100%定伸强度(σy)为8.5–12 MPa。形状转变温度范围大于80℃,SMR在熔体下可拉伸至500%的应变。通过优化变形和形状恢复条件,可以分别固定和变形SMR的复杂起始态和变形态;形状固定率(Rf)分别为82和97%,形状恢复率(Rr)分别为88%和97%,总Rr为95–97%。(3)针对OBC的低熔体强度导致其二重形状记忆效应(D-SME)和发泡性能变差等问题,系统研究了不同辐射源和吸收剂量对不同链结构OBC的交联程度、结晶行为和拉伸性能的影响,并探讨了其超临界二氧化碳(Sc-CO2)间歇釜发泡性能。含高1-辛烯含量的高分子量OBC在较低吸收剂量下交联,而中分子量OBC在较高吸收剂量下交联,而且在更高剂量下交联时仍保持弹性。随着吸收剂量的增加,σy和εb降低,σb先增加而后降低。辐射交联主要发生在软链段区域,因此,交联对结晶行为和热性能不产生显著影响。当吸收剂量高于50 kGy时,交联OBC熔体强度大幅度提高而显示了优异的D-SME,且Rf和Rr在93%以上。微相分离结构、选择性交联链结构和Sc-CO2的扩散性能显著影响OBC的发泡性能。发泡温度为122和126℃时,发泡弹性体泡孔高度平行于片材表面;随着吸收剂量的增加,平均泡孔尺寸从220μm减少至34μm。软、硬链段在ScCO2中的不同溶胀程度导致形成不同尺寸的泡孔。降压时,Sc-CO2的扩散能力从皮层至芯层递减式减弱,引起泡孔尺寸、数量和不同尺寸的泡孔层厚度从皮层至芯层梯度式增大。发泡温度对交联OBC的泡孔尺寸不产生显著影响。(4)采用Sc-CO2发泡注塑成型工艺制造的聚丙烯纳孔发泡材料韧性不够高、耐低温冲击性能差、形成皮-芯结构和发泡倍率低。本部分把中分子量OBC与YP和HP共混制备高性能Y/H-TPO,研究了其Sc-CO2间歇釜发泡性能,建立了泡孔结构及形态与力学性能的关系。OBC的加入不仅降低PP的复合粘度,而且大幅度提高PP的熔体弹性,而且不影响PP的熔化温度和结晶温度。因此,OBC的加入使YP的发泡窗口温度从5℃提高至Y-TPO的22℃。Y-TPO中的球状OBC分散相平均尺寸为1.05μm,其多相形态为海-岛结构。发泡温度为135–150℃时,微孔发泡Y-TPO的平均泡孔尺寸为3.66–6.62μm,eb在450%以上,表观sy(50%)和sb分别为17.5 MPa和23 MPa左右。此类TPO采用Sc-CO2发泡注塑工艺制造高韧、高强TPO微纳孔材料方面显示了潜在的应用价值。H-TPO模压时,形成皮层(双连续)-芯层(海-岛)的非均相层级结构,芯层中OBC分散相的平均尺寸为1.16μm。H-TPO发泡后形成皮-芯泡孔形态。当发泡温度从135℃提高至153℃时,平均泡孔尺寸从2.84μm增大至8.75μm,eb从635%降低至350%,表观sy(50%)从20.3 MPa降低至16.05 MPa,表观sb从27.8 MPa降低至20.5 MPa。总之,当泡孔尺寸小于2–4μm的临界增韧尺寸时,OBC和泡孔起到协同增韧作用,从而微孔发泡TPO材料显示超高韧度和高强度;然而,当泡孔尺寸大于30μm时,微孔发泡TPO显示脆性,不能作为材料使用。
Abstract
sui zhao jie neng jian pai he huan bao wen ti de ri yi tu chu ,shi yong qing liang hua he chan yi hua cai liao cheng wei qi che 、jia dian 、dian xian dian lan he feng li fa dian xie pian deng hang ye fa zhan de lu se chao liu yu qu shi 。xi ting lei re su xing dan xing ti (TPEO)、gong hun xing re su xing ju xi ting (C-TPO)ji ji fa pao cai liao zhi han tan qing yuan su 、zhi qing 、xing jia bi gao 、zeng ge xing neng you liang 、ke hui shou zai chong fu li yong deng you dian ,cong er an fan ying yong yu qi che nei wai shi jian 、xi yi ji zhuai tong 、dian xian dian lan hu tao 、jian zhu fang shui juan cai ji bao wen cai liao 、guang fu feng zhuang 、wu liu bao zhuang 、xie de he zi hang che lun tai deng 。wei man zu geng gao duan ying yong shi chang xu qiu he jie neng jian pai huan bao yao qiu ,tong chang yun yong xian jin xi ting cui hua ju ge ji shu he jia gong guo cheng ,tong guo zai shu zhi sheng chan he zhi pin cheng xing guo cheng zhong fen bie “jian cai ”lian ta pu jie gou he diao kong ning ju tai jie gou kai fa gao duan zhuan yong ju xi ting chan pin 。ben wen yi gao xing neng deng gui ju (1-ding xi )(iPB-1)、xi ting duo qian duan gong ju wu (OBC)he ruan 、ying CTPOwei yan jiu dui xiang ,zhi zai yi fu she gai xing shou duan “jian cai ”iPB-1de chang zhi lian jie gou 、OBChe ruan TPOde fei jun xiang jiao lian lian jie gou ,cong er diao kong ji xiang ying de duo jing tai jie gou ji ji zhuai bian 、wei xiang fen li jie gou he qu xiang duo xiang jie gou ,bing ju cai yong chao lin jie er yang hua tan jian xie fu fa pao shou duan kong zhi jiao lian OBCji ji ying C-TPOcai liao de wei kong fa pao jie gou yu xing tai ,jie ge gao wen GPC(pei bei san ge jian ce qi )、gao wen 13C-NMR、ARES-G2、XRD、DSC、SEM、2D-SAXShe DMTAdeng xian jin biao zheng yu ce shi fang fa ,jian li wei na ceng ci jie gou yu xing neng zhi jian de ding liang guan ji 。ju ti yan jiu jie guo ru xia :(1)zuo wei gao xing neng lu se guan dao cai liao de iPB-1cun zai man su jing xing Ⅱ-Izhuai bian wen ti ,cong er xian zhi le ji da gui mo gong ye ying yong 。ben bu fen jian li le iPB-1de chang zhi lian (LCB)jie gou 、xian tuan shou su gou xiang yu duo jing tai jie gou ji ji zhuai bian zhi jian de guan ji 。LCBxian tuan shou su gou xiang 、ke jie jing 1-ding xi xu lie chang du he jie jing tiao jian xian zhe ying xiang duo jing tai jie gou ji ji ji zhuai bian ,ji zhong xian tuan shou su gou xiang qi guan jian zuo yong 。di 、zhong zhi hua iPB-1de chang zhi lian xian tuan shou su cheng du di 、ke jie jing 1-ding xi xu lie chang ,er gao zhi hua iPB-1de ze xiang fan 。gao jie jing su lv xia ,qian zhe rong ti jie jing xing cheng jing xing Ⅱhe Ⅲde hun ge jing ,er hou zhe xing cheng ju ge wu ke xue han jian de pian jing niu qu de chun jing xing Ⅲ;LCB-PBzhong jing jian jie lian (chan jie huan 、tie-fen zi he jing xing Ⅲ)de shu liang gao ,jing xing Ⅱ-Izhuai bian su lv gao 。di jie jing su lv xia ,qian zhe rong ti jie jing zhu yao xing cheng jing xing Ⅱ,er hou zhe xing cheng jing xing Ⅱ、Ⅲhe I’de hun ge jing ;LCB-PBzhong jing jian jie lian shu liang di ,jing xing Ⅱ-Izhuai bian su lv di 。sui zhao jing xing Ⅲhan liang de zeng jia ,LCB-PBgang xing xia jiang ,yan zhan xing di gao ,er han you jing xing I、Ⅲhe I’de gao zhi hua iPB-1xian shi chu cui xing 。chang wen la shen shi ,jing xing Ⅲzhuai bian wei jing xing I;jia re shi ,jiao lian de gao zhi hua iPB-1zhong jing xing Ⅲbu hui chong jie jing xing cheng jing xing Ⅱ。(2)zhen dui TPEOji xing zhuang ji yi gao fen zi (SMPs)de rong ti jiang du di er nai gao wen xing cha 、xing zhuang zhuai bian wen du di er fan wei zhai yi ji li xue xing neng jiao cha deng wen ti ,tong guo zhong fen zi liang ju xi ting dan xing ti (POE)yu fang si ji (YP)he gao rong ti jiang du fa pao ji (HP)ju bing xi (PP)gong hun bing fu zhao ,zhi bei le gao jiang 、nai gao wen san chong xing zhuang ji yi dan xing ti (SMR)。fu she jiao lian hou ,SMRyuan wei xing cheng du te de fei jun xiang jiao lian lian jie gou :POEde jiao lian mo ding xing lian duan ji ke jie jing ju yi xi lian duan yu chang zhi lian ju bing xi yi gong jia jian jian ge 。ping jun che cun wei 1.6×11μmde pan zhuang PPxiang fen san zai POElian xu xiang zhong ju yan bao mo biao mian ping hang qu xiang ;cai yong bu tong gong hun gong yi he fu zhao guo cheng zhi bei de SMRqu xiang duo xiang jie gou ju you chong xian xing 。PPpian jing de (040)αhe (110)αjing mian fen bie ping hang he chui zhi yu gao du jiao lian bao mo biao mian 。POEde shu zhuang jing ti bu shou fu zhao ying xiang ,er ji chong jie jing wen du jiang di 。zai gu tai xia ,SMRde la shen jiang du (σb)wei 31–38 MPa、duan lie shen chang lv (εb)wei 900–1100%、100%ding shen jiang du (σy)wei 8.5–12 MPa。xing zhuang zhuai bian wen du fan wei da yu 80℃,SMRzai rong ti xia ke la shen zhi 500%de ying bian 。tong guo you hua bian xing he xing zhuang hui fu tiao jian ,ke yi fen bie gu ding he bian xing SMRde fu za qi shi tai he bian xing tai ;xing zhuang gu ding lv (Rf)fen bie wei 82he 97%,xing zhuang hui fu lv (Rr)fen bie wei 88%he 97%,zong Rrwei 95–97%。(3)zhen dui OBCde di rong ti jiang du dao zhi ji er chong xing zhuang ji yi xiao ying (D-SME)he fa pao xing neng bian cha deng wen ti ,ji tong yan jiu le bu tong fu she yuan he xi shou ji liang dui bu tong lian jie gou OBCde jiao lian cheng du 、jie jing hang wei he la shen xing neng de ying xiang ,bing tan tao le ji chao lin jie er yang hua tan (Sc-CO2)jian xie fu fa pao xing neng 。han gao 1-xin xi han liang de gao fen zi liang OBCzai jiao di xi shou ji liang xia jiao lian ,er zhong fen zi liang OBCzai jiao gao xi shou ji liang xia jiao lian ,er ju zai geng gao ji liang xia jiao lian shi reng bao chi dan xing 。sui zhao xi shou ji liang de zeng jia ,σyhe εbjiang di ,σbxian zeng jia er hou jiang di 。fu she jiao lian zhu yao fa sheng zai ruan lian duan ou yu ,yin ci ,jiao lian dui jie jing hang wei he re xing neng bu chan sheng xian zhe ying xiang 。dang xi shou ji liang gao yu 50 kGyshi ,jiao lian OBCrong ti jiang du da fu du di gao er xian shi le you yi de D-SME,ju Rfhe Rrzai 93%yi shang 。wei xiang fen li jie gou 、shua ze xing jiao lian lian jie gou he Sc-CO2de kuo san xing neng xian zhe ying xiang OBCde fa pao xing neng 。fa pao wen du wei 122he 126℃shi ,fa pao dan xing ti pao kong gao du ping hang yu pian cai biao mian ;sui zhao xi shou ji liang de zeng jia ,ping jun pao kong che cun cong 220μmjian shao zhi 34μm。ruan 、ying lian duan zai ScCO2zhong de bu tong rong zhang cheng du dao zhi xing cheng bu tong che cun de pao kong 。jiang ya shi ,Sc-CO2de kuo san neng li cong pi ceng zhi xin ceng di jian shi jian ruo ,yin qi pao kong che cun 、shu liang he bu tong che cun de pao kong ceng hou du cong pi ceng zhi xin ceng ti du shi zeng da 。fa pao wen du dui jiao lian OBCde pao kong che cun bu chan sheng xian zhe ying xiang 。(4)cai yong Sc-CO2fa pao zhu su cheng xing gong yi zhi zao de ju bing xi na kong fa pao cai liao ren xing bu gou gao 、nai di wen chong ji xing neng cha 、xing cheng pi -xin jie gou he fa pao bei lv di 。ben bu fen ba zhong fen zi liang OBCyu YPhe HPgong hun zhi bei gao xing neng Y/H-TPO,yan jiu le ji Sc-CO2jian xie fu fa pao xing neng ,jian li le pao kong jie gou ji xing tai yu li xue xing neng de guan ji 。OBCde jia ru bu jin jiang di PPde fu ge nian du ,er ju da fu du di gao PPde rong ti dan xing ,er ju bu ying xiang PPde rong hua wen du he jie jing wen du 。yin ci ,OBCde jia ru shi YPde fa pao chuang kou wen du cong 5℃di gao zhi Y-TPOde 22℃。Y-TPOzhong de qiu zhuang OBCfen san xiang ping jun che cun wei 1.05μm,ji duo xiang xing tai wei hai -dao jie gou 。fa pao wen du wei 135–150℃shi ,wei kong fa pao Y-TPOde ping jun pao kong che cun wei 3.66–6.62μm,ebzai 450%yi shang ,biao guan sy(50%)he sbfen bie wei 17.5 MPahe 23 MPazuo you 。ci lei TPOcai yong Sc-CO2fa pao zhu su gong yi zhi zao gao ren 、gao jiang TPOwei na kong cai liao fang mian xian shi le qian zai de ying yong jia zhi 。H-TPOmo ya shi ,xing cheng pi ceng (shuang lian xu )-xin ceng (hai -dao )de fei jun xiang ceng ji jie gou ,xin ceng zhong OBCfen san xiang de ping jun che cun wei 1.16μm。H-TPOfa pao hou xing cheng pi -xin pao kong xing tai 。dang fa pao wen du cong 135℃di gao zhi 153℃shi ,ping jun pao kong che cun cong 2.84μmzeng da zhi 8.75μm,ebcong 635%jiang di zhi 350%,biao guan sy(50%)cong 20.3 MPajiang di zhi 16.05 MPa,biao guan sbcong 27.8 MPajiang di zhi 20.5 MPa。zong zhi ,dang pao kong che cun xiao yu 2–4μmde lin jie zeng ren che cun shi ,OBChe pao kong qi dao xie tong zeng ren zuo yong ,cong er wei kong fa pao TPOcai liao xian shi chao gao ren du he gao jiang du ;ran er ,dang pao kong che cun da yu 30μmshi ,wei kong fa pao TPOxian shi cui xing ,bu neng zuo wei cai liao shi yong 。
论文参考文献
论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自中国科学院大学(中国科学院上海应用物理研究所)的艾则孜麦麦提明,发表于刊物中国科学院大学(中国科学院上海应用物理研究所)2019-06-25论文,是一篇关于聚丁烯论文,烯烃多嵌段共聚物论文,热塑性聚烯烃论文,辐射论文,长支链论文,形态论文,形状记忆效应论文,超临界二氧化碳发泡论文,中国科学院大学(中国科学院上海应用物理研究所)2019-06-25论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用,各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载,文章观点不代表本站观点,资料来自中国科学院大学(中国科学院上海应用物理研究所)2019-06-25论文网站,若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权,请联系我们删除。
标签:聚丁烯论文; 烯烃多嵌段共聚物论文; 热塑性聚烯烃论文; 辐射论文; 长支链论文; 形态论文; 形状记忆效应论文; 超临界二氧化碳发泡论文; 中国科学院大学(中国科学院上海应用物理研究所)2019-06-25论文;