二语学习者语用失误的顺应性研究

论文摘要

无论在语用学还是在跨文化交际界,语用失误都是相当热门的话题。语用失误这个术语最早由Jenny Thomas提出,用来指示不解言语所云之意这种语言现象。由于语用失误可能会导致误解或交际失败,因此它值得我们加以研究和关注。到目前为止,国内外许多学者都对语用失误进行了研究,他们的发现为后来的研究奠定了深厚的基础。尽管他们取得了很大的成就,但是他们中的大多数研究者对语用失误的研究主要集中于跨文化领域,而且大部分研究都是从说话人角度进行的。目前本文旨在从顺应理论的角度分析二语习得者语用失误的成因。顺应理论不仅适用于语际交际和语内交际中的语用失误,而且兼顾说话人和听话人两个方面。当人们进行语言选择时,必须顺应交际语境的诸多因素,即语言使用者的心理世界、社交世界、物质世界以及语言本身,否则就会出现语用失误。作者通过对大学生英语语用能力的问卷调查,了解到当前学生的语用能力仍然是相当欠缺的,存在着较严重的问题。语用失误正是由于在交际过程中交际的一方或双方忽视了语言与各种语境因素的顺应造成的。因此,顺应语言使用者的心理世界、社交世界、物质世界和语言本身是交际中避免语用失误的一种有效策略。最后,作者分别针对二语学习者和外语教师提出了减少和避免语用失误的措施。

论文目录

• Abstract
• 摘要
• Introduction
• Chapter 1 An Overview of Pragmatic Failure
• 1.1 Definition of Pragmatic Failure
• 1.2 Classification of Pragmatic Failure
• 1.3 Existing Approaches to the Study of Pragmatic Failure
• 1.3.1 Studies from the Perspective of Cross-Cultural Communication
• 1.3.2 Studies from the Perspective of Foreign Language Teaching
• 1.3.3 Studies from the Perspective of Second Language Acquisition
• 1.3.4 Studies from the Perspective of Cognitive Linguistics
• Chapter 2 An Overview of Adaptation Theory
• 2.1 A Brief Introduction to Adaptation Theory
• 2.1.1 A New Perspective on Linguistic Pragmatics
• 2.1.2 Key Notions of Adaptation Theory
• 2.2 Studies of Adaptation Theory and Its Application
• 2.3 The Value of Adaptation Approach in the Study of Pragmatic Failure
• 2.3.1 Problems with the Existing Approaches
• 2.3.2 Significance of Taking the Adaptation Approach
• Chapter 3 Research Design and Data Analysis
• 3.1 Purpose of the Research
• 3.2 Subjects of the Research
• 3.3 Method of Data Collection and the Questionnaire
• 3.4 Procedure
• 3.5 Data Analysis
• Chapter 4 An Analysis of Pragmatic Failure of Second Language Learners from the Perspective of Adaptation Theory
• 4.1 Failure to Make Adaptation to the Mental World
• 4.1.1 Failure to Make Adaptation to the Personality of Language Users
• 4.1.2 Failure to Make Adaptation to the Emotion of Language Users
• 4.1.3 Failure to Make Adaptation to the Value Systems
• 4.1.4 Failure to Make Adaptation to the Intention of Language Users
• 4.2 Failure to Make Adaptation to the Social World
• 4.2.1 Failure to Make Adaptation to Social Settings
• 4.2.2 Failure to Make Adaptation to Cultural Conventions
• 4.3 Failure to Make Adaptation to the Physical World
• 4.3.1 Failure to Make Adaptation to the Temporal Reference
• 4.3.2 Failure to Make Adaptation to the Spatial Reference
• 4.4 Failure to Make Adaptation to the Linguistic Reality
• 4.4.1 Failure to Make Adaptation at Word Level
• 4.4.2 Failure to Make Adaptation at Phrase and Sentence Level
• 4.4.3 Failure to Make Adaptation at Discourse Level
• Chapter 5 Suggested Measures to Avoid Pragmatic Failure
• 5.1 Measures Taken by Second Language Learners
• 5.2 Measures Taken by Foreign Language Teachers
• 5.2.1 Developing Students’Pragmatic Competence
• 5.2.2 Improving the Testing Methods
• 5.2.3 Strengthening Students’Cultural Awareness through Cultural Teaching
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Appendix Ⅰ
• Appendix Ⅱ
• Acknowledgements