本文主要研究内容
作者潘岱立(2019)在《黄土坡面牧草植被过滤带降雨径流调控效应模拟研究》一文中研究指出:坡面牧草植被过滤带通常沿坡线垂直方向分段布设。不仅可阻止坡面径流、泥沙、污染物下移,且其生物量还可作为饲料、燃料、生物质能源等原材料,是一种兼顾生态与经济双重功能的水土保持措施。揭示坡面牧草植被过滤带降雨调控效应及其机理,并建立科学的评价方法,是实施该项措施的理论基础,对提升其综合效益具有重要作用。本研究以黄绵土为供试土壤,选取黄土高原四种典型牧草品种(白三叶、鸡脚草、小冠花和百脉根),构建牧草植被过滤带,采用土箱人工降雨—放水模拟试验和数值模拟方法,对上述问题进行了较为系统的研究,初步取得以下进展:(1)阐明了牧草植被过滤带对土壤物理性质的改良作用。牧草植被过滤带对其土壤物理性质有显著影响,牧草品种及其生长阶段是产生差异的主要原因。生长3年的牧草植被过滤带(2014-2016年)为例,4种牧草植被过滤带土壤持水性能均有所改善,土壤有效水含量提高1.7-2.4%;土壤残余含水量、饱和含水量均无规律性变化;白三叶、鸡脚草和小冠花处理土壤容重降低2.9-4.4%,百脉根处理土壤容重提高0.7%。三年内百脉根处理土壤饱和导水率连续下降,幅度达1.3 cm h-1,白三叶和小冠花处理则连续提高,幅度分别达1.8 cm h-1和1.1 cm h-1,鸡脚草处理在2016年返青期(5月份)土壤饱和导水率最大,为4.3 cm h-1。(2)考虑土壤物理参数,对植被过滤带物质迁移模型(VFSMOD)进行了修正,模型可信度较高。以往植被过滤带坡面减流减沙效益研究多从植被形态和植被过滤带几何尺寸角度展开,未考虑植被过滤带对土壤物理性质的改良作用。本文基于试验观测,修改模型参数,构建了考虑土壤物理性质的坡面牧草植被过滤带减流减沙数值模拟新方法。模拟结果可信,决定系数在0.80以上,纳什系数在0.85以上。PAWN和EET敏感性分析一致表明牧草植被过滤带坡面减流主要受土壤饱和导水率、土壤初始含水量和牧草植被过滤带宽度影响,敏感性系数为0.67、0.31和0.17;坡面减沙主要受土壤饱和导水率,植被茎秆间距和牧草植被过滤带宽度影响,敏感性系数为0.16、0.17和0.84。饱和导水率等土壤物理性质参数对坡面径流、泥沙输出有显著影响。(3)初步揭示了坡面牧草植被过滤带降雨径流调控效应机理,发展了相应的评价指标与方法。研究提出将一定时段内,降雨径流调控后土壤储水下降量减去调控前(裸地)土壤储水下降量作为土壤储水损失量(Ws)。以调控后泥沙输出减少量(Sr)为分母,以调控后蒸散增量(Wet)、截留增量(Wint)、径流减少量(Wr)和土壤储水损失量(Ws)为分子,分别得到蒸散增量减沙比(WSet)、截留增量减沙比(WSint)、用水减沙比(WSr)和储水损失减沙比(WSs)。相较以往WSr等指标,WSs考虑了降雨间隔时期降雨径流调控效应。WSs将调控前后土壤储水变化和减沙效益结合起来,其土壤储水变化由土壤水补给变化和消耗变化共同决定,即:WSs=WSet+WSint-WSr,为同步缓解水土流失和干旱缺水提供了新评价指标。基于模拟试验得出:2016年生长季4种牧草植被过滤带和裸地土壤储水量均下降。相对裸地,4种牧草植被过滤带2016年生长季径流减少88.2-144.9 mm,其幅度小于蒸散增量与截留增量之和,导致4种牧草植被过滤带处理土壤储水下降量大于裸地土壤储水下降量16.0-50.8 mm。4种牧草植被过滤带WSs为9.4-36.5 m3t-1,即相比裸地,牧草植被过滤带每拦蓄1 t泥沙需多消耗9.4-36.5 m3土壤水,不同牧草品种WSs值差异明显。(4)建立了综合考虑生态与经济指标的牧草植被过滤带综合效益评价模型。2014-2016年生长季内牧草植被过滤带植被叶片净光合速率在6-24μmol CO2m-2s-1之间波动,鸡脚草平均值最大,为17.4μmol CO2m-2s-1。随土壤水分降低,白三叶光合作用受胁迫最为明显且发生非气孔胁迫,这主要与根系分布和土壤水利用来源有关。鸡脚草、百脉根、小冠花和白三叶植被过滤带2014-2016年生长季平均生物量分别为:0.88、0.39、0.35和0.30 kg m-2。在结合牧草植被过滤带植被生理生态特征基础上,综合考虑坡面减流量、坡面减沙量、土壤蓄水量、生物量及光合作用等5类观测指标,以牧草植被过滤带生态效益为主,兼顾经济效益,构建多目标评价模型。结果表明:本试验条件下白三叶、鸡脚草和小冠花综合效益为“良”,百脉根为“差”,4种牧草品种中,白三叶生态效益最优,鸡脚草经济效益最优。建议在黄土坡面构建牧草植被过滤带时优先考虑白三叶、鸡脚草和小冠花三个牧草品种。
Abstract
po mian mu cao zhi bei guo lv dai tong chang yan po xian chui zhi fang xiang fen duan bu she 。bu jin ke zu zhi po mian jing liu 、ni sha 、wu ran wu xia yi ,ju ji sheng wu liang hai ke zuo wei si liao 、ran liao 、sheng wu zhi neng yuan deng yuan cai liao ,shi yi chong jian gu sheng tai yu jing ji shuang chong gong neng de shui tu bao chi cuo shi 。jie shi po mian mu cao zhi bei guo lv dai jiang yu diao kong xiao ying ji ji ji li ,bing jian li ke xue de ping jia fang fa ,shi shi shi gai xiang cuo shi de li lun ji chu ,dui di sheng ji zeng ge xiao yi ju you chong yao zuo yong 。ben yan jiu yi huang mian tu wei gong shi tu rang ,shua qu huang tu gao yuan si chong dian xing mu cao pin chong (bai san xie 、ji jiao cao 、xiao guan hua he bai mai gen ),gou jian mu cao zhi bei guo lv dai ,cai yong tu xiang ren gong jiang yu —fang shui mo ni shi yan he shu zhi mo ni fang fa ,dui shang shu wen ti jin hang le jiao wei ji tong de yan jiu ,chu bu qu de yi xia jin zhan :(1)chan ming le mu cao zhi bei guo lv dai dui tu rang wu li xing zhi de gai liang zuo yong 。mu cao zhi bei guo lv dai dui ji tu rang wu li xing zhi you xian zhe ying xiang ,mu cao pin chong ji ji sheng chang jie duan shi chan sheng cha yi de zhu yao yuan yin 。sheng chang 3nian de mu cao zhi bei guo lv dai (2014-2016nian )wei li ,4chong mu cao zhi bei guo lv dai tu rang chi shui xing neng jun you suo gai shan ,tu rang you xiao shui han liang di gao 1.7-2.4%;tu rang can yu han shui liang 、bao he han shui liang jun mo gui lv xing bian hua ;bai san xie 、ji jiao cao he xiao guan hua chu li tu rang rong chong jiang di 2.9-4.4%,bai mai gen chu li tu rang rong chong di gao 0.7%。san nian nei bai mai gen chu li tu rang bao he dao shui lv lian xu xia jiang ,fu du da 1.3 cm h-1,bai san xie he xiao guan hua chu li ze lian xu di gao ,fu du fen bie da 1.8 cm h-1he 1.1 cm h-1,ji jiao cao chu li zai 2016nian fan qing ji (5yue fen )tu rang bao he dao shui lv zui da ,wei 4.3 cm h-1。(2)kao lv tu rang wu li can shu ,dui zhi bei guo lv dai wu zhi qian yi mo xing (VFSMOD)jin hang le xiu zheng ,mo xing ke xin du jiao gao 。yi wang zhi bei guo lv dai po mian jian liu jian sha xiao yi yan jiu duo cong zhi bei xing tai he zhi bei guo lv dai ji he che cun jiao du zhan kai ,wei kao lv zhi bei guo lv dai dui tu rang wu li xing zhi de gai liang zuo yong 。ben wen ji yu shi yan guan ce ,xiu gai mo xing can shu ,gou jian le kao lv tu rang wu li xing zhi de po mian mu cao zhi bei guo lv dai jian liu jian sha shu zhi mo ni xin fang fa 。mo ni jie guo ke xin ,jue ding ji shu zai 0.80yi shang ,na shen ji shu zai 0.85yi shang 。PAWNhe EETmin gan xing fen xi yi zhi biao ming mu cao zhi bei guo lv dai po mian jian liu zhu yao shou tu rang bao he dao shui lv 、tu rang chu shi han shui liang he mu cao zhi bei guo lv dai kuan du ying xiang ,min gan xing ji shu wei 0.67、0.31he 0.17;po mian jian sha zhu yao shou tu rang bao he dao shui lv ,zhi bei jing gan jian ju he mu cao zhi bei guo lv dai kuan du ying xiang ,min gan xing ji shu wei 0.16、0.17he 0.84。bao he dao shui lv deng tu rang wu li xing zhi can shu dui po mian jing liu 、ni sha shu chu you xian zhe ying xiang 。(3)chu bu jie shi le po mian mu cao zhi bei guo lv dai jiang yu jing liu diao kong xiao ying ji li ,fa zhan le xiang ying de ping jia zhi biao yu fang fa 。yan jiu di chu jiang yi ding shi duan nei ,jiang yu jing liu diao kong hou tu rang chu shui xia jiang liang jian qu diao kong qian (luo de )tu rang chu shui xia jiang liang zuo wei tu rang chu shui sun shi liang (Ws)。yi diao kong hou ni sha shu chu jian shao liang (Sr)wei fen mu ,yi diao kong hou zheng san zeng liang (Wet)、jie liu zeng liang (Wint)、jing liu jian shao liang (Wr)he tu rang chu shui sun shi liang (Ws)wei fen zi ,fen bie de dao zheng san zeng liang jian sha bi (WSet)、jie liu zeng liang jian sha bi (WSint)、yong shui jian sha bi (WSr)he chu shui sun shi jian sha bi (WSs)。xiang jiao yi wang WSrdeng zhi biao ,WSskao lv le jiang yu jian ge shi ji jiang yu jing liu diao kong xiao ying 。WSsjiang diao kong qian hou tu rang chu shui bian hua he jian sha xiao yi jie ge qi lai ,ji tu rang chu shui bian hua you tu rang shui bu gei bian hua he xiao hao bian hua gong tong jue ding ,ji :WSs=WSet+WSint-WSr,wei tong bu huan jie shui tu liu shi he gan han que shui di gong le xin ping jia zhi biao 。ji yu mo ni shi yan de chu :2016nian sheng chang ji 4chong mu cao zhi bei guo lv dai he luo de tu rang chu shui liang jun xia jiang 。xiang dui luo de ,4chong mu cao zhi bei guo lv dai 2016nian sheng chang ji jing liu jian shao 88.2-144.9 mm,ji fu du xiao yu zheng san zeng liang yu jie liu zeng liang zhi he ,dao zhi 4chong mu cao zhi bei guo lv dai chu li tu rang chu shui xia jiang liang da yu luo de tu rang chu shui xia jiang liang 16.0-50.8 mm。4chong mu cao zhi bei guo lv dai WSswei 9.4-36.5 m3t-1,ji xiang bi luo de ,mu cao zhi bei guo lv dai mei lan xu 1 tni sha xu duo xiao hao 9.4-36.5 m3tu rang shui ,bu tong mu cao pin chong WSszhi cha yi ming xian 。(4)jian li le zeng ge kao lv sheng tai yu jing ji zhi biao de mu cao zhi bei guo lv dai zeng ge xiao yi ping jia mo xing 。2014-2016nian sheng chang ji nei mu cao zhi bei guo lv dai zhi bei xie pian jing guang ge su lv zai 6-24μmol CO2m-2s-1zhi jian bo dong ,ji jiao cao ping jun zhi zui da ,wei 17.4μmol CO2m-2s-1。sui tu rang shui fen jiang di ,bai san xie guang ge zuo yong shou xie pai zui wei ming xian ju fa sheng fei qi kong xie pai ,zhe zhu yao yu gen ji fen bu he tu rang shui li yong lai yuan you guan 。ji jiao cao 、bai mai gen 、xiao guan hua he bai san xie zhi bei guo lv dai 2014-2016nian sheng chang ji ping jun sheng wu liang fen bie wei :0.88、0.39、0.35he 0.30 kg m-2。zai jie ge mu cao zhi bei guo lv dai zhi bei sheng li sheng tai te zheng ji chu shang ,zeng ge kao lv po mian jian liu liang 、po mian jian sha liang 、tu rang xu shui liang 、sheng wu liang ji guang ge zuo yong deng 5lei guan ce zhi biao ,yi mu cao zhi bei guo lv dai sheng tai xiao yi wei zhu ,jian gu jing ji xiao yi ,gou jian duo mu biao ping jia mo xing 。jie guo biao ming :ben shi yan tiao jian xia bai san xie 、ji jiao cao he xiao guan hua zeng ge xiao yi wei “liang ”,bai mai gen wei “cha ”,4chong mu cao pin chong zhong ,bai san xie sheng tai xiao yi zui you ,ji jiao cao jing ji xiao yi zui you 。jian yi zai huang tu po mian gou jian mu cao zhi bei guo lv dai shi you xian kao lv bai san xie 、ji jiao cao he xiao guan hua san ge mu cao pin chong 。
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论文详细介绍
论文作者分别是来自西北农林科技大学的潘岱立,发表于刊物西北农林科技大学2019-07-11论文,是一篇关于牧草植被过滤带论文,减流减沙论文,降雨径流调控论文,用水减沙比论文,储水损失减沙比论文,西北农林科技大学2019-07-11论文的文章。本文可供学术参考使用,各位学者可以免费参考阅读下载,文章观点不代表本站观点,资料来自西北农林科技大学2019-07-11论文网站,若本站收录的文献无意侵犯了您的著作版权,请联系我们删除。
标签:牧草植被过滤带论文; 减流减沙论文; 降雨径流调控论文; 用水减沙比论文; 储水损失减沙比论文; 西北农林科技大学2019-07-11论文;