英汉句法对比及其在英译中的应用

论文摘要

随着跨文化交际的盛行,翻译者更倾向于研究文化与翻译的关系而不是语言本身的研究。对于英语学习者来说,了解英语和汉语这两种语言之间的区别起着基础性的作用。翻译中所遇到的困难是阻碍英语学习者进步的其中一个因素。这些英语学习者并不是没有掌握好文化方面的不同之处,而更多的是因为没有掌握好英汉这两种语言在句法结构上的区别。因此,在翻译过程中,为了使译文更为地道,研究这两种语言在句法结构上的区别就具有一定的意义。句子是人们交流思想的基本语言单位,因此英汉翻译中离不开英汉句法层面的对比研究。本文通过宏观和微观层面上来分析这两种语言句法结构的异处,从而帮助英语学习者掌握更为地道的表达法。通过大量的例句,本文扣紧英汉这两种语言的句法对比研究进一步探讨这两种语言的异同,尤其是异处。本文的理论基础来源国内外语言学方面专家的研究成果。笔者希望通过这个对比研究可以帮助英语学习者提高掌握和运用英语的能力,从而克服英汉翻译中的困难。

论文目录

• 英文摘要
• 摘要
• Introduction
• Chapter 1 Syntax
• 1.1 Definition of syntax
• 1.2 Four representative approaches to the study of syntax
• 1.2.1 Traditional approach
• 1.2.2 Structural approach
• 1.2.2.1 Syntagmatic and paradigmatic
• 1.2.2.2 Construction and constituent
• 1.2.3 Generative-transformational approach
• 1.2.3.1 Classical theory
• 1.2.3.1.1 Finite state grammar
• 1.2.3.1.2 Phrase structure grammar
• 1.2.3.1.3 Transformational grammar
• 1.2.3.2 Standard theory
• 1.2.3.3 Extended standard theory
• 1.2.4 Functional approach
• Chapter 2 The Contrastive Study of the Sentence Constituents
• 2.1 Differences between topic and subject
• 2.1.1 English subject prominence
• 2.1.2 Chinese topic prominence
• 2.2 Predicate
• 2.2.1 Some differences in predicate between English and Chinese
• 2.2.1.1 Simple predicate
• 2.2.1.2 Complex predicate
• Chapter 3 Microscopic Contrast between English and Chinese Sentences
• 3.1 Contrast between English and Chinese basic sentence patterns
• 3.1.1 English basic sentence patterns
• 3.1.2 Chinese simple sentence patterns
• 3.1.2.1 Understanding of Chinese simple sentence patterns
• 3.1.2.2 Chinese simple sentence patterns
• 3.2 Contrast between English and Chinese complex sentences
• 3.2.1 English complex sentence patterns
• 3.2.2 Chinese Fuju （复句）—a sentence with two or more clauses
• 3.2.3 Contrast between English and Chinese complex sentences
• 3.2.3.1 Contrast of concept
• 3.2.3.2 Contrast between English compound sentences and Chinese Lianhe Fuju （联合）
• 3.2.3.2.1 English compound sentences
• 3.2.2.2.2 Lianhe Fuju
• 3.2.3.3 Contrast between English complex sentences and Chinese Pianzheng Fuju（偏正）
• Chapter 4 Macroscopic Contrast between English and Chinese Sentences
• 4.1 Hypotaxis and parataxis
• 4.1.1 Hypotaxis in English
• 4.1.2 Parataxis in Chinese
• 4.2 Synthetic and analytic
• 4.2.1 Synthetic in English
• 4.2.2 Analytic in Chinese
• 4.3 Impersonal and personal
• 4.3.1 Impersonal subject in English
• 4.3.2 Personal subject in Chinese
• 4.4 Static and dynamic
• 4.4.1 Static in English
• 4.4.2 Dynamic in Chinese
• Chapter 5 The Application of Contrastive Study of English-Chinese Syntax in E-C Translation
• 5.1 Translation and contrastive study of syntax
• 5.1.1 Definition of translation from linguistic perspective
• 5.1.2 Translation and contrastive study of syntax
• 5.2 The application of contrastive study of English-Chinese syntax in E-C translation—the use of some syntactic devices
• 5.2.1 From hypotaxis to parataxis
• 5.2.1.1 From architectural to chronological
• 5.2.1.2 From overt cohesion to covert cohesion
• 5.2.1.3 Four-character expressions
• 5.2.1.4 Disintegrating whole into parts
• 5.2.2 Topic-prominence and conversion of impersonal subject device
• 5.2.2.1 Chinese topic-prominence in E-C translation
• 5.2.2.2 Conversion of impersonal subject device
• 5.2.3 Translation of the passive
• 5.2.3.1 Keep original subjects
• 5.2.3.2 Use Doer as a subject
• 5.2.3.3 Add suitable subjects
• 5.2.3.4 Use non-subject sentences
• 5.2.3.5 Translate into passive
• 5.2.4 Verbal style
• 5.2.5 Inversion
• 5.2.5.1 Inversion of word order
• 5.2.5.2 Inversion of adverbials
• 5.2.5.3 Inversion of sentence structures
• 5.3 Conclusion
• Conclusion
• 参考文献
• Acknowledgements