本文主要研究内容
作者程琛(2019)在《蛋壳制备磁性LDH及其对污泥碳源的吸附性能研究》一文中研究指出:生物法进行污水脱氮除磷等过程时,由于缺乏电子供体(碳源)通常需外加易降解碳源,然而通常采用的液态有机碳源存在需要经常补充,未完全反应还易造成水体二次污染等缺点,不利于污水的长期处理。研究发现固态缓释碳源能够避免影响出水水质的风险,有利于水处理系统的稳定运行。因此,本课题在废弃物资源化的前提下研究了骨架材料对污泥小分子碳源(短链脂肪酸)的吸附性能,为制备新型固态缓释碳源的可行性提供参考依据。研究表明污水处理厂剩余污泥发酵产生的短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)作为碳源材料有很好的污水处理效能,但是针对骨架材料吸附提取该污泥小分子碳源制备新型固态缓释碳源的研究尚未见报道。本研究以蛋壳为原料采用超声辅助法将超顺磁性铁氧体材料(简称磁性介质)与水滑石(LDH)进行复合改性合成磁性LDH,研究以其作为载体对污泥小分子碳源的吸附性能。研究考察了吸附剂剂量,吸附时间和转速对污泥小分子碳源吸附效果的影响,通过均匀实验设计与响应面法相结合的方法优化吸附参数。为拓宽其作用面,本研究还采用一步发泡法将合成的磁性LDH与聚氨酯(PU)复合制备得磁性LDH/PU复合材料,研究以其作为骨架材料从污泥发酵液中吸附提取污泥小分子碳源作为外加碳源用于生物脱氮过程中的NO3-N去除性能。主要研究内容和结论如下:1.《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006-2020年)》着重在环境、资源以及能源这三个重要领域作出新的要求,即采取将“综合治污与废弃物循环利用”来作为优先任务,故本研究充分利用了禽蛋废弃物和污水处理剩余污泥两大固体废弃物。研究重点考察了以蛋壳为原料合成的骨架材料对污泥小分子碳源的吸附性能,从而实现了废弃物资源化利用,有效降低了研究成本,同时为后续将其作为生物脱氮外加碳源加强污水营养物去除的研究奠定了理论基础。2.在单组分吸附实验状态下,实验合成的磁性LDH骨架材料投加量和吸附时间对SCFAs的吸附有显著影响,当吸附剂剂量由2 g·L-1增加到14 g·L-1时,磁性LDH对SCFAs的吸附效率由27%迅速增加到90%,磁性LDH对SCFAs的吸附属于快速反应过程,当吸附10 min时,吸附效率就已经达到85.9%,吸附30 min后,吸附效率能达到92.4%,此后随着时间的延长,到60 min吸附效率趋于平稳。另外对SCFAs的吸附动力学数据更符合准二级动力学方程,磁性LDH对SCFAs的吸附过程是多种作用机理的协同,当中既有物理吸附也有化学吸附。这也进一步证明了采用超声辅助法制备的磁性LDH是一种新型高效吸附材料,能够实现对SCFAs进行有效吸附。3.基于单因子吸附性能实验,使用均匀设计与响应面法相结合的方法对磁性LDH吸附SCFAs的实验数据分析后,得到磁性LDH对SCFAs的吸附效率随吸附剂剂量、吸附时间和转速变化的回归方程。利用该回归方程可以得到磁性LDH对SCFAs的吸附提取理论最优参数为:吸附剂剂量为16 g·L-1,吸附时间为50 min,转速为70 r·min-1,在此条件下磁性LDH对SCFAs的理论最大吸附效率可达95.7%。4.为了更加贴近工程实际运用,拓宽其作用面,本研究在完成磁性LDH粉体对SCFAs的吸附性能研究后,将骨架材料与PU复合制备得磁性LDH/PU复合材料。该材料兼顾了磁性LDH骨架材料吸附性良好和PU发泡材料疏松多孔比表面积大等优点。研究结果显示磁性LDH/PU复合材料对SCFAs的吸附效率比磁性LDH骨架材料提升了20%左右,结果表明将磁性LDH和PU复合能够实现对SCFAs的有效提取,还能利用外加磁场迅速将分散在溶液中的泡沫材料迅速回收。5.验证了将磁性LDH/PU复合材料吸附提取SCFAs后的磁性LDH/PU-SCFAs作为生物脱氮碳源对NO3-N的去除性能。实验结果表明:在C/N为4:1情况下碳源的利用效率比C/N为6:1时高,说明在较高C/N情况下会有部分碳源被微生物用来自身生长繁殖,造成碳源浪费。不仅如此,将C6H12O6和磁性LDH/PU-SCFAs分别作为外加碳源对照时发现,磁性LDH/PU-SCFAs在释碳的过程中缓释效果明显,在相同C/N情况下,磁性LDH/PU-SCFAs作为碳源比以C6H12O6作为碳源时碳源利用率提高了6.7%,表明本实验所制备的磁性LDH/PU-SCFAs可以作为生物脱氮过程中的一种新型高效外加缓释碳源。6.经过X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重(TG)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对吸附前后的骨架材料进行表征分析,结果发现本研究所制备的磁性LDH具备典型水滑石层片状结构,吸附SCFAs后其成功插层进入LDH层板间,磁性LDH/PU复合材料具备PU泡沫疏松多孔比表面积大的特点,同时将LDH吸附材料均匀分散在整个体系中。经过对完成再生处理的磁性LDH和磁性LDH/PU复合材料的吸附性能进行研究,结果表明磁性LDH和磁性LDH/PU复合材料在吸附SCFAs后不仅可以作为外加缓释碳源使用,还可以多次循环补充SCFAs,实现材料充分利用,提高使用效率的同时降低成本。本研究结果对于污水营养物去除以及废弃物资源化利用具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。
Abstract
sheng wu fa jin hang wu shui tuo dan chu lin deng guo cheng shi ,you yu que fa dian zi gong ti (tan yuan )tong chang xu wai jia yi jiang jie tan yuan ,ran er tong chang cai yong de ye tai you ji tan yuan cun zai xu yao jing chang bu chong ,wei wan quan fan ying hai yi zao cheng shui ti er ci wu ran deng que dian ,bu li yu wu shui de chang ji chu li 。yan jiu fa xian gu tai huan shi tan yuan neng gou bi mian ying xiang chu shui shui zhi de feng xian ,you li yu shui chu li ji tong de wen ding yun hang 。yin ci ,ben ke ti zai fei qi wu zi yuan hua de qian di xia yan jiu le gu jia cai liao dui wu ni xiao fen zi tan yuan (duan lian zhi fang suan )de xi fu xing neng ,wei zhi bei xin xing gu tai huan shi tan yuan de ke hang xing di gong can kao yi ju 。yan jiu biao ming wu shui chu li an sheng yu wu ni fa jiao chan sheng de duan lian zhi fang suan (SCFAs)zuo wei tan yuan cai liao you hen hao de wu shui chu li xiao neng ,dan shi zhen dui gu jia cai liao xi fu di qu gai wu ni xiao fen zi tan yuan zhi bei xin xing gu tai huan shi tan yuan de yan jiu shang wei jian bao dao 。ben yan jiu yi dan ke wei yuan liao cai yong chao sheng fu zhu fa jiang chao shun ci xing tie yang ti cai liao (jian chen ci xing jie zhi )yu shui hua dan (LDH)jin hang fu ge gai xing ge cheng ci xing LDH,yan jiu yi ji zuo wei zai ti dui wu ni xiao fen zi tan yuan de xi fu xing neng 。yan jiu kao cha le xi fu ji ji liang ,xi fu shi jian he zhuai su dui wu ni xiao fen zi tan yuan xi fu xiao guo de ying xiang ,tong guo jun yun shi yan she ji yu xiang ying mian fa xiang jie ge de fang fa you hua xi fu can shu 。wei ta kuan ji zuo yong mian ,ben yan jiu hai cai yong yi bu fa pao fa jiang ge cheng de ci xing LDHyu ju an zhi (PU)fu ge zhi bei de ci xing LDH/PUfu ge cai liao ,yan jiu yi ji zuo wei gu jia cai liao cong wu ni fa jiao ye zhong xi fu di qu wu ni xiao fen zi tan yuan zuo wei wai jia tan yuan yong yu sheng wu tuo dan guo cheng zhong de NO3-Nqu chu xing neng 。zhu yao yan jiu nei rong he jie lun ru xia :1.《guo jia zhong chang ji ke xue he ji shu fa zhan gui hua gang yao (2006-2020nian )》zhao chong zai huan jing 、zi yuan yi ji neng yuan zhe san ge chong yao ling yu zuo chu xin de yao qiu ,ji cai qu jiang “zeng ge zhi wu yu fei qi wu xun huan li yong ”lai zuo wei you xian ren wu ,gu ben yan jiu chong fen li yong le qin dan fei qi wu he wu shui chu li sheng yu wu ni liang da gu ti fei qi wu 。yan jiu chong dian kao cha le yi dan ke wei yuan liao ge cheng de gu jia cai liao dui wu ni xiao fen zi tan yuan de xi fu xing neng ,cong er shi xian le fei qi wu zi yuan hua li yong ,you xiao jiang di le yan jiu cheng ben ,tong shi wei hou xu jiang ji zuo wei sheng wu tuo dan wai jia tan yuan jia jiang wu shui ying yang wu qu chu de yan jiu dian ding le li lun ji chu 。2.zai chan zu fen xi fu shi yan zhuang tai xia ,shi yan ge cheng de ci xing LDHgu jia cai liao tou jia liang he xi fu shi jian dui SCFAsde xi fu you xian zhe ying xiang ,dang xi fu ji ji liang you 2 g·L-1zeng jia dao 14 g·L-1shi ,ci xing LDHdui SCFAsde xi fu xiao lv you 27%xun su zeng jia dao 90%,ci xing LDHdui SCFAsde xi fu shu yu kuai su fan ying guo cheng ,dang xi fu 10 minshi ,xi fu xiao lv jiu yi jing da dao 85.9%,xi fu 30 minhou ,xi fu xiao lv neng da dao 92.4%,ci hou sui zhao shi jian de yan chang ,dao 60 minxi fu xiao lv qu yu ping wen 。ling wai dui SCFAsde xi fu dong li xue shu ju geng fu ge zhun er ji dong li xue fang cheng ,ci xing LDHdui SCFAsde xi fu guo cheng shi duo chong zuo yong ji li de xie tong ,dang zhong ji you wu li xi fu ye you hua xue xi fu 。zhe ye jin yi bu zheng ming le cai yong chao sheng fu zhu fa zhi bei de ci xing LDHshi yi chong xin xing gao xiao xi fu cai liao ,neng gou shi xian dui SCFAsjin hang you xiao xi fu 。3.ji yu chan yin zi xi fu xing neng shi yan ,shi yong jun yun she ji yu xiang ying mian fa xiang jie ge de fang fa dui ci xing LDHxi fu SCFAsde shi yan shu ju fen xi hou ,de dao ci xing LDHdui SCFAsde xi fu xiao lv sui xi fu ji ji liang 、xi fu shi jian he zhuai su bian hua de hui gui fang cheng 。li yong gai hui gui fang cheng ke yi de dao ci xing LDHdui SCFAsde xi fu di qu li lun zui you can shu wei :xi fu ji ji liang wei 16 g·L-1,xi fu shi jian wei 50 min,zhuai su wei 70 r·min-1,zai ci tiao jian xia ci xing LDHdui SCFAsde li lun zui da xi fu xiao lv ke da 95.7%。4.wei le geng jia tie jin gong cheng shi ji yun yong ,ta kuan ji zuo yong mian ,ben yan jiu zai wan cheng ci xing LDHfen ti dui SCFAsde xi fu xing neng yan jiu hou ,jiang gu jia cai liao yu PUfu ge zhi bei de ci xing LDH/PUfu ge cai liao 。gai cai liao jian gu le ci xing LDHgu jia cai liao xi fu xing liang hao he PUfa pao cai liao shu song duo kong bi biao mian ji da deng you dian 。yan jiu jie guo xian shi ci xing LDH/PUfu ge cai liao dui SCFAsde xi fu xiao lv bi ci xing LDHgu jia cai liao di sheng le 20%zuo you ,jie guo biao ming jiang ci xing LDHhe PUfu ge neng gou shi xian dui SCFAsde you xiao di qu ,hai neng li yong wai jia ci chang xun su jiang fen san zai rong ye zhong de pao mo cai liao xun su hui shou 。5.yan zheng le jiang ci xing LDH/PUfu ge cai liao xi fu di qu SCFAshou de ci xing LDH/PU-SCFAszuo wei sheng wu tuo dan tan yuan dui NO3-Nde qu chu xing neng 。shi yan jie guo biao ming :zai C/Nwei 4:1qing kuang xia tan yuan de li yong xiao lv bi C/Nwei 6:1shi gao ,shui ming zai jiao gao C/Nqing kuang xia hui you bu fen tan yuan bei wei sheng wu yong lai zi shen sheng chang fan shi ,zao cheng tan yuan lang fei 。bu jin ru ci ,jiang C6H12O6he ci xing LDH/PU-SCFAsfen bie zuo wei wai jia tan yuan dui zhao shi fa xian ,ci xing LDH/PU-SCFAszai shi tan de guo cheng zhong huan shi xiao guo ming xian ,zai xiang tong C/Nqing kuang xia ,ci xing LDH/PU-SCFAszuo wei tan yuan bi yi C6H12O6zuo wei tan yuan shi tan yuan li yong lv di gao le 6.7%,biao ming ben shi yan suo zhi bei de ci xing LDH/PU-SCFAske yi zuo wei sheng wu tuo dan guo cheng zhong de yi chong xin xing gao xiao wai jia huan shi tan yuan 。6.jing guo Xshe xian yan she (XRD)、gong wai guang pu (FT-IR)、re chong (TG)、cha shi sao miao liang re (DSC)、sao miao dian zi xian wei jing (SEM)he tou she dian zi xian wei jing (TEM)dui xi fu qian hou de gu jia cai liao jin hang biao zheng fen xi ,jie guo fa xian ben yan jiu suo zhi bei de ci xing LDHju bei dian xing shui hua dan ceng pian zhuang jie gou ,xi fu SCFAshou ji cheng gong cha ceng jin ru LDHceng ban jian ,ci xing LDH/PUfu ge cai liao ju bei PUpao mo shu song duo kong bi biao mian ji da de te dian ,tong shi jiang LDHxi fu cai liao jun yun fen san zai zheng ge ti ji zhong 。jing guo dui wan cheng zai sheng chu li de ci xing LDHhe ci xing LDH/PUfu ge cai liao de xi fu xing neng jin hang yan jiu ,jie guo biao ming ci xing LDHhe ci xing LDH/PUfu ge cai liao zai xi fu SCFAshou bu jin ke yi zuo wei wai jia huan shi tan yuan shi yong ,hai ke yi duo ci xun huan bu chong SCFAs,shi xian cai liao chong fen li yong ,di gao shi yong xiao lv de tong shi jiang di cheng ben 。ben yan jiu jie guo dui yu wu shui ying yang wu qu chu yi ji fei qi wu zi yuan hua li yong ju you chong yao de li lun jia zhi he xian shi yi yi 。
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